10 H C H O RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSH1IWS S3 W^ I i ^x n; iiniiiSNi "NVINOSHIIWS^SH i avaa n LI B RAR i ES^SMITHSONIAN INSTII < X^sbv^v 2 , < ^\ x =* x^^'vTX u * z AWW\ =5 ^*/X**z .0^^> H /^gpfWKs, z ^ UK = S^. JIJ S x * * * ^ ! i ^ SRARIES^SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHilWS inillSNI NVINOSHlllAIS S3IMVyail LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTH CD ;a ^j v x- W^AA^ r '" ' " " " m c ">^ z \!J^i> / ' m Xi/vos>Ai> CO _ CO Z CO J RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSH1IWS CO Z r CO Z '*. S X^^5\ < '^ S < x^T^>. S A -r ~^i -* /& 1 fa <" \ > uniiisNi NviNOSHiiws^SBiavyan LIBRARIES^SMITHSONIAN IN co CO z CO cc ^/ O - \!VAS^X o x^osHiX O 3 RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI^NVINOSHilWS S3 s.'J jfrS " ^ CO "\ uniiisNi NviNOSHiiws saiavaan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTT Z CO Z ,.-. CO z < \;V ' ^-1 ^ CO o CO V Z B RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHilWS S3 CO ^^-^ Z x. 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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate I. \ f 13c I3b 13 13a NEW ABERRANT RHOPALOCERA-GUNDER. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XXXVII JANUARY, 1926 No. 1 Several New Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera). l!y I. I). (irxi)KR, Pasadena, California. (Plate I.) 1 understand that several well known collectors will soon publish descriptions of their aberrant butterflies. Lepidopterists will be interested to know just what some of these primal forms in the rarer species look like and to note how their lineage is portrayed by the character of their change. For example, com- pare the aberrant secondaries of Fig-. / with those of Fig. 8 on Plate I. These are closely related Melitacas. The allied /'itp/iydryus group rarely have this type of maculation contour. The secondaries of the above compared specimens represent the style of their aberrants which is furthest possible from nor- mal. It is well known that aberrations run from a degree near normal to a fixed amount furthest possible from normal. This fixed amount does not necessarily mean totally melanism nor -> J completely without color maculation. Each genus has a fixed maculation beyond which its aberrants do not go. Fig. 1 shows the final stage of that butterfly. I believe Fig. 7 represents the limit of aberrancy in its species. Intermediate degrees of aber- rant variation can be named provided each step is obvious and does not encroach on the other. Of course slight variation be- tween degrees should never be named. An attempt has been made in this paper, in conjunction with the descriptions, to state or fix the aberrant degree of each specimen named. It is hoped that this will help to establish rank and order among future specimens as they are described. It selected aberrations of all species in a genus could be placed side by side, it would perhaps prove or disprove' gvneric placing and certainly rearrange the order of the species in some genera. As yet, too few aberrations have' been described and, what makes the task more difficult is that, too few have 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '"26 been figured in conjunction with their descriptions. An old Chinese saying goes "One look is worth a thousand words." Authors contemplating describing their aberrations might do well to remember this proverb. Clear black and white cuts are good. The specimens on this -plate are slightly reduced in size. Their colors are normal. 1. Euphydryas, nubigena Behr., var. beani Skin (half- fig, la), ab. c? blackmorei nov. aberr. (fig. 1). Upper side. Primaries : entirely black, excepting row of red normal spots at outer margin and mere traces of several white spots remaining from second row following ; two red cell spots conspicuous. Secondaries : black as in primaries with marginal row of red spots followed by row of four smaller red spots ; no white maculation : single small red spot at end of cell. Under side. Primaries : band of red at outer margin ; fol- lowed by a band of black of equal width ; followed by a parallel row of five white spots in red fused over with black, all midway between costal and inner margins ; darker black basal and cell areas with outstanding red cell spots. Secondaries : maculation of outer half somewhat normal with more black suffusion through the cell and basal areas. Aberrant grade and decree: melanic ; final, (fully melanic). Data: Holotype c?, (Author's Coll.), Mt. Cheam, British Columbia, Canada. August 3, 1903. Expanse : 45 mm. Mr. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, B. C., Canada deserves to have this wonderful little black aberration named after him. 2. Melitaea pola Bdv., var. arachne Edw. (half-fig. 2a), ab. c? polingi nov. aberr. (fig. 2). Differs from typical specimens on the upper side of the primaries in having a broad black band extending from the costal to the inner margin. The exterior margin of this band follows the contour and includes that third row of black ex- curved line maculation typically found on normal specimens. Its interior margin starts near the base on the inner margin ex- tending up and around the cell to the costal margin, the inter- ruption of the cell causing the band to be narrow near this part. ( ^i the under side, this band is represented by a series of ir- regular interspace black spots across the wing. The secondaries are normal on both upper and under sides. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (primaries black banded). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse: 33 mm., (Author's Coll.), White Alts. Arizona, August, 1925. Named for Mr. O. C. Poling, Laguna Beach, California. 3. Melitaea wrighti Erhv. (half-fig. 3a), ab. <3 carolynae nov. aberr. (fig. 3). Upper side. Primaries : black and red ground color in un- changed position ; conspicuous for lack of all white maculation which becomes black, excepting that of first row near outer margin which remains only as white dots, entirely unrimmed by black. Secondaries : ground color entirely jet black ; remains of four smaller white spots left midway from first row normally found at outer margin. Under side. Primaries : basal and discal areas red, lacking all white maculation ; single row of indistinct submarginal white spots in red through limbal area entirely lacking those ex- terior black borders found in normal specimens ; heavier black along costal and inner margins, being more pronounced at both outer angles. Secondaries : all margins deeply bordered with black, leaving central disk area only, streaked through inter- spaces with white ; mere black line marking position of former transverse white spotted black band ; several small white marks at extreme base. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; final?, (secondaries final). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 36mm., (Author's Coll.), Mint Canyon, Los Angeles County, California, Alay 5, 1925. I take pleasure in naming this exquisite little wighti aberra- tion in honor of Dr. Carolyn Comstock of Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. 4. Euphydryas rubicunda Hy. Edw. (half-fig. 4a), ab. d albiradiata nov. aberr. (fig. 4). Upper side. P>asal and cell areas of primaries and second- aries more darkly marked ; immediately beyond these darker areas are white rays extending through interspaces to original submarginal row of white spots, an extra row of fused white spots not found on normal specimens, is hen- noticeable nearer the apex on the primaries; the white rays are not so noticeable 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 on the secondaries and do not extend out to the row of white spots. Under side. Same changed condition prevails with white rays more pronounced. Aberrant grade and degree: albinic ; first, (white-rayed). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 38 mm., (Author's Coll.), Loyal- ton, Sierra County, California, July 19, 1922. Note: Similar to Dr. J. A. Comstock's ab. umbrabasana of En ph. sierra Wright. 5. Euphydryas perdiccas Ed\v. (half-fig. 5a), ab. c? nigri- supernipennis nov. aberr. (fig. 5). Upper side. Primaries : entirely black, except for normal red border at outer margin and two red cell spots which remain as in typical specimens. Secondaries : outer row of white spots partly suffused with black, otherwise normal. Under Side. Primaries : outer row of white maculation some- what reduced and white streaks at end of 1 cell absent, otherwise red and black as usual. Secondaries : slight black suffusion over submarginal lunate spots, otherwise normal. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic ; first, (primaries final). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 40 mm., (Author's Coll.), Chil- cotin, British Columbia, Canada, July 17, 1915. 6. Euphydryas taylori Edw. (half-fig. 6a), ab. ? victoriae nov. aberr. ( fig. 6). Upper side. Primaries : outer marginal row of red spots normal; followed by a band of black of equal width; followed by a full series of white streaks completely filling" interspaces to cell and outer basal line just below cell, black veining pro- nounced, these white interspaces cut midway transversely by a thick black line ; base and cell area black, except for the two normal red cell spots. Secondaries : base and cell area dark with no white marks; outer half maculation somewhat suffused, left wing more darkly suffused. Under side. Base and cell areas as on tipper side ; both wings broadly streaked with white through interspaces as on upper side primaries, these interspaces cut midway by a narrow band of faint red edged with black; row of red spots at outer margin normal, but black band following" becomes a black line. Aberrant grade and degree: albinic; first, (white streaked). XXXVJi. '26 1 KXTOMOLi KilCAI. NFWS Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 39 mm., ( Author's Coll.), Vic- toria, British Columbia, Canada, April 4, 1921. Note: This aberration closely resembles ab. fieldi of Eupli. editlia. It helps ])rove that edltlui and taylori are correctly placed in our Check Lists. 7. Melitaea acastus Ed\v. ( half-fig-. 7a), ab. ? pearlae n<>v. aberr. ( fig. 7). Upper side. Primaries: fine submarginal black line found in normal specimens here becomes quite broad at apex tapering off at inner angle ; followed by a very wide immaculate area of yellow-brown, only cut by thin black veining lines through limbal and discal areas, to cell and basal areas which areas remain normal ; a semblance of lighter yellow shading marking position of former second row of darker yellow roundish spots ; small pointed black area extending down from costal margin between terminals of subcostal nervule 3 and 4 to upper radial. Sec- ondaries: black line at base of fringes normal : fine subma-i'-'iv'l black line lacking, being replaced by a narrow band of yellow cut by veins; followed by a wider band of black; followed by a series of roundish yellow spots which correspond in shape and location to those normally found in the second row; entirely black from here on through the discal and basal areas, except- ing for a reniform yellow spot at extremity of cell which spot is slightly larger on normal specimens. Under side: Primaries: as on upper side, excepting no pointed black area on costal margin; central area shading to white near submarginal black line and shading to clear yellow through cell and base which lack usual variegated markings. Secondaries: outer bands of yellow and black as on upper side; fi>l lowed by a very broad band of white to cell and basal areas which are checkered yellow and black, the yellow being in nor- mal position, while that of the black occupies all former white locat'ons. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic : final. Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 40 mm.. (Author's Coll.), Casa Diablo Hills, Mono County, California, June 23. 1>25. Para- type 1-?. (Geo. Malcolm Coll.). same locality June 24 1921 Xamed for Mrs. Pearl .Malcolm who with her son, Ceo. Mal- colm, have found so much new butterfly material in the high Sierra Mountains. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 Note: The paratype is identical in design and marking with the type. 8. Melitaea palla Bdv. (half-fig. 8a), ab. ? blackmorei nov. aberr. (fig. 8). Upper side. Primaries: red-brown spots at outer margin slightly wider, otherwise normal; followed by a sinuated band of black replacing original submarginal row of lunate yellow spots; followed by a complete series of rather larger reddish- yellow spots which become clearer yellow at costal margin; followed by a similar row whose spots opposite cell are elongated ; base and cell areas broadly suffused with black, only deeper reddish maculation remaining. Secondaries : black and red-brown only with no intermediate yellow shades ; border at outer margin as in primaries; row of five red-brown spots from anal angle reaching up to upper radial, repeating those darkest red spots found on normal specimens ; single red-brown spot at extremity of cell as in normal specimens. Under side. Both wings quite aberrant. Outer red margins wider; immediately followed by a complete series of intense black lunate spots replacing and repeating the white ones of normal specimens ; immediately followed by a broad white central band, slightly red clouded, more so on primaries, to an outer thin black base line; base and cell areas uniform red- brown, except for a small irregular black spot at extremity of cell on primaries and on secondaries four black spots replacing and duplicating the white spots found there on regular speci- mens. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; ?, (secondaries final). Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 43 mm., (Author's Coll.), Lytton, British Columbia, Canada, July 4, 1922. Named for Mr. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Note: Melitaea palla, ab. c? -icardi Obthr. lias been nicely illustrated on both upper and under sides. The specimen is only slightly aberrant (possibly a melanic first degree only) com- pared with the one above described. It lacks a few transverse lines on upper side primaries and has a black band across disk- on secondaries. I believe a study of this specimen, now in the I>arnes Collection, will place it as an aberrant of whititcyi Bi-hr. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 9. Brenthis epithore Bdv. (half-fig. 9a), al). V obscuri- pennis nov. abcrr. (fig. 9). Upper side. Primaries : entirely fogged over with dark shad- ing, obscuring and submerging maculatinn, especially on tin- inner half with cell quite dense where only a single yellow-brown spot shows ; normal row of round black spots indistinctly visible. Secondaries : outer half normal ; confused yellow-brown macula- tion of inner half externally edged by black shading which ex- tends also along the costal margin, basal area quite dark. Under side. Primaries: outer half confused yellow-brown only, shading to bluish near apex; inner half a yellow-brown submerging black macnlation, basal area intense black. Sec- ondaries: outer half normal, but faded in color; inner half red-brown and yellow-brown duplicating upper side maculation. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic ; unknown, (well clouded over). Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 44 mm., (Author's Coll.), Chil- colin, British Columbia, Canada, May 30, 1915. Mote: ab. Mi^'onae lacks row of round black spots of sec- ondaries, with those on primaries obsolete. It has no melanic shading. 1(J. Brenthis myrina Cram, (half-fig. lOa), ab. c? serrati- marginata nov. aberr. (fig. 10). Upper side. Primaries : normal, except at outer margin which is black, lacking submarginal row of small yellow dots, also the maculation is somewhat less heavy over the entire wing. Secondaries : margin black with row of yellow spots obsolete, it^ interior edge joins through the interspaces with the row of round black spots giving the entire black outer margin a ser- rated appearance; less maculation towards base with bn^al area well suffused with black. Under side. Primaries;: normal. Secondaries: marginal dark markings connected as on upper side; basal area entirely silvered. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (marginal black- spotting joined). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 36 mm., (Author's Coll.). Yer- non, British Columbia, Canada. August 12, 1904. Note: This specimen is slightly rubbed, but in it enough to hinder a first degree aberrant description. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 11. Heodes cupreus Ethv. (half-fig. Ha), ab. V maculinita nov. aberr. (fig. 11). Similar to ab. fasciata Stkr. of Heodes hypophlaeas in having the black spots elongated inwardly through their interspaces. This tendency has always been more noticeable on the primaries. Seldom is the maculation of the under side affected. Aberrant grade and decree: melanic ; first, (black spots elongated). Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 28 mm., (Author's Coll.), Mam- moth, Mono County, California, July 12, 1920. Paratype 1-?, (Geo. Malcolm Coll.), same date and place. Note: An aberrant cupreus has been taken at Mammoth which is identical with hypophlaeas. I believe it only suggests an atavistic tendency towards the parent Eastern race and that hypophlaeas cannot be therefore recorded from the \Yest. However, it proves the necessity of noting aberrants in order that ancestry may be tentatively traced. 12. Plebeius icarioides Bdv. (side-fig. 12a). ab. J 1 spini- maculata nov. aberr. (side-fig. 12). Upper side. Normal. Under side. Primaries : inner row of black spots elongated through their interspaces towards base ; starting with an abrupt outside bottom edge, as formed by their original shape, they taper inward to sharp points, as defined by their respective in- terspaces ; they appear thornlike or spinelike in shape. Sec- ondaries : normal. Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (black spots elongated). Data: Holotype c?. Expanse 30 mm., (Author's Coll.), Delta, Trinity County, California, May 22, 1925. Note: icarioides from Northern California appear to have a whiter ground color than those from the South. This speci- men was taken by Mr. Sternitzky of San Francisco. 13. Parnassius clodius Men., var. baldur Edw. (part-fig. 13a), ab. <$ binigrimaculella nov. aberr. (fig. 13). Primaries: Normal as in typical baldnr. Secondaries: two spots black, smaller and with no red centers xxxvii, '26 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 9 showing' on either tipper or under sides. \Yhat ub. )ii^t r \\ right is to siniiit/icus, so is this aberration to c/odiiis. Fig. 13d shows Wright's ab. niger of suiinthcits. Aberrant ^rudc (tin! decree: albinic ; first, (black spots with- out red ) . Data: Holotype <$, Expanse 59 mm., (Author's Coll.), Gold Lake, Sierra County, California, July 14, 1922. Xotc: Order in degrees of aberrancy is nicely shown as follows : Fig. 13a is typical clodius baldur. Kig. 13 is above described specimen; 1st degree. Fig. 13b is ab. immaculata Skin., secondaries without spots; 2nd degree. Fig. 13c is ab. lorqulni Oberth., lacking the second black band on primaries ; 3rd degree. EXPLANATION OF PL-ATE I. The numbers of the figures on this plate correspond to the numbers placed in front of the species in the text. Descriptions of Four New Species of Plagiognathus from the Eastern United States (Hem., Miridae).* By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Ames, Iowa. Plagiognathus atricornis new species. Color aspect of chrysanthcmi Wolff, but distinguished by the pale pubescence and black antennae. c?. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head: width .77 mm.. vertex .27 mm.; eyes prominent, black. Rostrum, length 1.17 mm., just attaining posterior margins of intermediate coxae. greenish yellow, apex black. Antennae: segment 1, length .24 mm.; IT, 1.07 mm.; Ill, broken; uniformly black, narrow tip of segment I pale. Pronotum : length .54 mm.; width at base 1.03 mm. Color pale greenish testaceous, pronotum distinctly green. calli yellowish; hemelytra somewhat translucent, membrane and veins uniformly pale fumate, anal area slightly darker border- ing vein, a small whitish opaque spot lying just outside apex of larger areole. Clothed with simple, pale yellowish puhe- * Contributions from the Department of Zoology and Entornoln Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '26 cence, embolar margins and lateral margins of pronotum set with dusky to fuscous pubescence. Leg's pale, femora and tibiae with black spots nearly identical witii chrysanthemi, pubescence pale yellowish, tibial spines black. ?. Length 3.4 mm., width 1.34 mm. Head: width .67 mm., vertex .31 mm. Antennae: segment T, length .24 mm.: II, 1 mm.; Ill, .66 mm.; IV, .34 mm. ! ; <>rm and coloration simi- lar to the male. Holotypc: <3. July 26, 1918, Point Trevioton, Pennsylvania (J. G. Sanders) ; author's collection. .-Illotypc: same data as type. Paratypc: ?. taken with type. Plagiognathus carinatus n. sp. Suggestive of annuhitns L'hler but with rostrum shorter, also the yellowish femora somewhat obscured with fuscous on apical half yet not forming a distinct line above and below ; left genital clasper with dorsal angle distinctively carinated along anterior margin. 3. Length 4.2 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .79 mm., vertex .31 mm.; black, vertex yellowish. Rostrum, length 1.28 mm., just attaining posterior margins of intermediate coxae, black, segments two and three sometimes brownish. Antennae : segment I, length .27 mm., black, narrow apex pale; II, 1.11 mm., brownish to black, black at base; III, .74 mm.; IV, .37 mm. ; last two segments yellowish to dusky. Pronotum : length .64 mm., width at base 1.28 mm. General coloration dark brownish black, base of cuneus somewhat translucent but not distinctly pale ; femora pale to yel- lowish and provided with a double row of black spots on anterior face nearly as in anniilatus Uhler, but hind femora obscured with dusky on apical half, with a subapical black spot above although never forming a distinct black line above and below. Dorsum clothed with simple, golden yellow pubescence, nearly as in anmtlatus. Left genital clasper distinctive, the dorsal angle being deeply impressed and distinctly carinated along anterior margin, terminating above in a rather blunt point, before which arises a single, rather long bristle-like hair. $. Length 3.8mm., width 1.57 mm. Head: width .74mm.. vertex .34 mm.; antennal segment II, length .97 mm. Very similar to the male in pubescence and coloration although antennal segment II more yellowish in middle. Holotypc: <$ June 2, 1917, Dewitt, Virginia (H. IT. Knight) ; author's collection. Allot yj^c: same data as the type. Para- xxxvii, '26] ENTOMOI.OC.ICAI. \K\VS 11 types: 10 <$ 5 $, taken with types mi persimmon 1 1 iiospvras virginiaiui) where the species was evidently breeding. 1'ara- types deposited in Cornell rniversity collection and Iowa State College collection. In my key to the species of Plagiognathus in the "1 Ic-miptera of Connecticut," carinntiis runs to rcpclifus Knight, from which it may he separated by the double row of prominent black spots on anterior face of hind femora, also by the larger size. Some specimens of carinatus have antennal segment IT more yellowish than black, and such individuals will run to punctatipes Knight, in my key to the species of Flagiognathns. These species may then be separated by the relative length of antennal segments as compared with the haul. In the male of carinatus the lengtb of antennal segment II is equal to the width of head across eyes plus the width of vertex, while in the male of piinciatipcs the length of segment II is distinctly less than width of head plus width of vertex. In the female carinatns the length of antennal segment II is greater than width of head across eyes plus the dorsal width of an eye, while in the female pwnctatipes the length of segment II is less than width of head plus dorsal width of an eye. Plagiognathus dispar Knigbt. This species was originally described as a variety of puncia- tipcs Knight, but more recent examination of the genital characters under the high power binocular microscope reveals a distinct difference in structure of the left genital clasper. In punctatipes the dorsal projection of the left clasper takes the form of an incurved acuminate claw, while in dispar the dorsal angle of left clasper is distinctly impressed and w'lh anterior margin carinate much as in carinatus. Plagiognathus inopinus n. sp. This species runs to punctatipcs and dispar in my key to tin- species of Plagiognathus in the "Hemiptera of Connecticut." but differs from both in that antennal segment 11 is equal to (?), or greater than (c?) width of pronotum at base. cT. Length 4 mm., width 1.4 mm. llead: width .77 mm., vertex .34 mm. Rostrum, length 1.6 mm., reaching upon middle of posterior coxae, yellow, basal and apical segments becoming fuscous. Antennae: segment 1. length .Jd mm., 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Jail., '26 black, apex slenderly pale ; II. 1.26 mm., yellow, narrowly dusky or fuscous at base; III, .80 mm., yellowish to dusky: IV, .43 mm., dusky. Pronotum : length .60 mm., width at base 1.17 mm. Dark brownish black, moderately shining, clothed with simple, yellowish pubescence ; base of vertex pale to yellowish, lateral margins of mesoscutum yellowish, cuneus narrowly pale at inner basal angle, the extreme apex of embolium also pale ; membrane fuscous, somewhat paler on middle, veins and bor- dering apex of cuneus pale. Legs pale yellowish, femora with black spots similar to dispar but the tibia with much more prominent black spots at base of spines. 5. Length 3.8 mm., width 1.4 mm. Head: width .71 mm., vertex .36 mm. Antennae : segment I, length .24 mm. ; II, 1.11 mm., yellow, narrowly fuscous at base; III, .66 mm.; IV, .40 mm. Pronotum: length .57 mm., width at base 1.11 mm. Very similar to the male in pubescence and coloration. Holotype: <$ June 27, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Cham- plain), on Sycamore; author's collection. Allotypc: same data as type. Paratype: d 1 , taken with the types. Plagiognathus intrusus new species. In my key this species runs to politus Uhler, but differs in the shorter rostrum and larger size ; size and coloration sug- gestive of anmilatus L T hler, but differs distinctly in the short rostrum. c?. Length 4.75 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .86 mm., vertex .40 mm. Rostrum, length 1.31 mm., barely extending over posterior margin of sternum or to middle of intermediate coxae, blackish, segment three and apex of two yellowish. Antennae : segment I, length .39 mm., black, .extreme apex pale; II, 1.42 mm., black; III, 1.12 mm., yellowish to fuscous; IV, .63 mm., fuscous. Pronotum : length .68 mm., width at base 1.38 mm. General coloration nearly as in politits Uhler, but the pubescence yellowish; size and form very near that of uinut- Id t us Uhler, but differs in the short rostrum and black femora. Holotypc: i< (logical Survey. \Vashington, I). C. The following notes comprise extensions of knowledge of ih range, and other interesting data relating to a variety of nearctic Heteroptera and Homoptera. They result from mis- cellaneous work on the collection of the I/. S. Xational Museum but do not imply a systematic inspection of the collection for other similar material. PENTATOMIDAE. NEZARA VIRIDULA var. TOROUATA Fabricius. The present note is merely for the purpose of pointing out that this variety is the subject, there unnamed, of an article by Thos. H. Jones, entitled "A peculiarly marked adult of Nczara riridula L. (Hemin.r (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 22. No. 7. Oct.. 1920, pp. 171-172, 1 fig. The specimen Mr. Jones refers to was col- lected in Louisiana, and the form has been elsewhere recorded from that and other southern States. ELASMOSTETHUS ATRICORNIS Van Duzee. Found breeding on Aralia spinosa at Mt. Calvert, Maryland, September, 1920, by Messrs. H. S. Barber and William Palmer. The species has been recorded from Ouebec, New York and Indiana, a range 1 to which the present record adds a considerable southward extension. It is worthy of note that at this most southern point in its known range, the insect was found feeding oji a plant which there approaches its northern limit. ALCAEORRHYNCHUS GRANDIS Dallas. Brownsville, Texas. Jan. K), 1923. T. C. Barber. Previously recorded, from Florida. COREIDAE. LEPTOCI.OSM-S <;ox \<;R \ Fabricius. I'rownsvilK 1 , Texas. Aug. 10, 1922, T. C. I '.arbor. Previously recorded from Florida. S. \virs jckciosrs Stal. I.rownville. Texas. Jan. 18. 1 () 23. T. (\ Barber. Hitherto unrecorded from the l/nited States. LEPTOCORIS TRIVITTATCS Sav.- In further illustration of the 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '26 eastward trend of this species, it may be noted that in recent years several specimens have been collected in the district of Columbia and vicinity. Til. \UMASTOTHERIIDAE. Apparently the genus) Thaumastocorls should be known as Thaumastotherium. Kirkaldy proposed 1 the latter name on pages 777-778 of the article in which it appears and used it in combination with that of the genotype, Thaiiniastotheriiini australlcum new species (p. 778, Bundaberg, Queensland). The illustrations (PI. 43, figs. 1-3) of the insect, however, are labelled Thaiunastocoris anstralicus, and an inserted slip of Corrigenda makes a corresponding correction to the text. Thaumastotherium does not seem to be preoccupied, the descrip- tion has page priority over the Plate, and the Corrigenda necessarily are subsequent to the pages they are intended to correct. Since the International Code provides : "Art. 32. A generic or a specific name, once published, can not be rejected, even by its author, because of inappropriateness," it would appear that Kirkaldy did not take effective steps to change the name and that Thaumastotherium should stand. The only known nearctic representative of the family is Xylastodoris hit col its Barber 2 described from Cuba. A record for the insect in the United States has been published :! but in a place where it is very likely to be overlooked. The locality at which . numerous specimens were collected is Coconut Grove, Florida. PYRRHOCORIDAE. DYSDERCUS OBSCURATUS Distant. Brownsville, Texas, Jan. 18, 1923, T. C. Barber. There seems to be no previous definite record for the United States. NABIDAE. METATROPIPHORUS BELFRAGII Renter. This species seems rare and previous reports have all pertained to the Gulf States. iKirkaldy, G. W., Memoir on a few Heteropterous Hemiptera from Eastern Australia, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Vol. 32 (1907), March 11, 1<>08. 2Bul. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 15, No. 4. Oct. 1920, pp. 100-102. 3 Moznette, G. F., Notes on the Royal Palm Bug, Quart. Bui. State Plant Bd. Fla., VI, No. 1, Oct. 1921, pp. 10-15. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 Material examined at the! National Museum, however, shows that the species ranges north to Maryland and Illinois. MEMBRACIDAE. CERESA BOREALIS Fairmaire. Oregon, Uaker Collection; Yakima, Washington, M. A. Yothers. These collections extend northwesterly the recorded distribution of this species. CERESA vm'Li/s Fabricius. A specimen from the Ashmead Collection is labelled Jacksonville, Florida. It seems probable that something is wrong here; however, as noted under sub- sequent species there is evidence for the occurrence of neo- tropical membracids in Florida, that at least demands further earful investigation ATYMNA CASTANEAE Fitch. Received from Knox Dale, Pennsylvania, with the notation, "destroying leaves of maple and apple trees." This indicates what we may expect of this species that has been so largely deprived of its customary food plant by the chestnut blight. MEMBRACIS MEXICAN A Guerin. Two specimens from Ash- mead Collection, labelled Key West, Florida. ' Previously re- corded from California. AETH ALIGN OUADRATUM Fowler. A specimen from the Ashmead Collection ticketed Jacksonville is also labelled. Type, Polydontoscelis cinctifrons Ashmead. In the description of the. latter (Psyche, 8, pp. 387-388, July, 1899), the type locality is given as St. Nicholas, Florida. Regardless of possible errors in the locality labels, the specimen here cited doubtless serves to fix the identity of Polydontoscelis cinctifrons Ashmead, which the author compares with Aethalion in the original description. CALLICENTKTS AURIFASCIA Walker. Florida, Snow Collec- tion. This record from a different collection lends some support to the Ashmeadian records of neotropical Membracids from Florida. The probability that they may be verified is further indicated by the accepted Florida records of such species as Cercso patntcli.i Stal, .-lutiantlie c.rpansa dermar, and Um- bonia crassicornis Ainyot et Serville. Investigation of the status of these various forms as we'll as rediscovery of the 16 E.NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 Walker species from St. John River, are interesting lines of field research for Florida collectors. Dr. W. D. Funkhouser writes me "I see no reason to question the Florida record (Snow Coll.) for Callicentrus aurifascia Walker. This species was descrihed from Jamaica, is found in Cuba, and I should think might well be in Florida." CICADELLIDAE. EUSCELIS STACTOGALUS Fieber. The taxonomic wanderings of this species have been discussed by Chris E. Olsen (Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 16, No. 2,! April, 1921, pp. 33-37) who mentions its occurrence in California, Texas, Missouri, New York and New Jersey. There may now be added Tempe. Arizona, May 24, 1923, E. Y. Walter and M. Martinez ; and Botanical Garden, Brooklyn, New York, July 12, 1921, S. E. Griffith. FlJLGORIDAE. ASARCOPUS PALMARUM Horvath. Dr. F. S. Stickney sent in from Indio, California, May, 1923, ample material of all stages of an insect attacking the crown leaves of the date palm. It was recognized as an Issine of the tribe/ Caliscelini, and by good luck the description* of Asarcopus palmarum from crown of the date palm, Cairo, Egypt, was found. Our insect is undoubt- edly the same thing" introduced with the host plant. How long it may have been established in this country i? not known, but probably it was thriving here prior to the date it was first scien- tifically described from its native land. A Collecting Trip for South American Lepidoptera. Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Porter and Mrs. Emma Young, Mrs. Porter's mother, were to leave Decorah, Iowa, on November 10, and New York on November 21, for Rio de Janeiro, where they should arrive December 3. After a month there they plan to go to Sao Paulo, where Dr. Bruno Pohl will meet them, thence to Santos, thence to Montevideo where they expect to be met by Dr. Florentine Felippone. About June 20, 1926, they hope to be at Buenos Aires. Their further itinerary includes Mendoza, j Santiago and Valparaiso, La Paz, Lima, Bogota and other points in Colombia. Mr. Porter expects to return to New York in April, 1927, the ladies having preceded him. *Bul. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de 1'Afrique du Nord, 12, 1921, pp. 179-180. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1926. A Suggestion for Subject Indexes. Catalogs of species with references to the literature appertain- ing to them, bibliographies and abstracts are useful and often indispensable to the biologist, be he taxonomist. morphologist, physiologist, Geologist, or what not. A bibliography brings to- gether the literature on a given topic and, if approximately com- plete, lists all the papers of R. S. T. thereon. A bibliographical catalog of species gives the references to R. S. T.'s remarks on each of these species. Both this bibliography and this catalog repeat titles and references that have already been listed in the annual record, or summary, published for that science. Thereby arises repetition, republication, that means additional expense for printing, paper and shelf room. The catalog of species is to a considerable degree self-indexing as to topic. The bibliography is often incompletely indexed or not at all. Indexes to the literature of biology are quite as much needed as the other bibliographical aids referred to above. Can not useful indexes be provided with little republication of titles and references and hence with a minimum of expense? Thus, suppose the topic be the physiology of the Malpighian tubes of the Itonididae. Under this heading we might find such entries as R.. R. S. 1857, pp. 603-627; C, A. V. 1841. pp. 3-6; IT., J. P. 1873a, pi). 10-37: X., L. F,. 1916, pp. 7-20. In each entry the names would be spelled out, not merely the initials given as here, or the dates in each case might come first, then the author's name and the entries be arranged chronologically, instead of alphabetically as above. A preface at the beginning of this Index would explain that all dates previous to 1862 referred to papers in Hagen's Biblio- thcca Entomologica under the author and the date quoted ; dates subsequent to 1863, unless otherwise designated, referred to the given year of the Zoological Record, in which volume, in the Insect (or Diptera) section, one would find the paper here referred to. If there were several papers by the same author in the same year, then the paper would br designated by the appropriate letter of the alphabet ( /, h. c. etc.. to show whether it was the first, second, third, etc., of that author's in that year. 17 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 In later volumes of the Zoological Record, where each title has a number, that number could be used, instead of these small letters. It might, or it might not, be 'desirable to give the page references. Of course such an index could only be used by one having access to the Bibliotheca and the Record, but this disadvantage is hardly important enough to overbalance the great saving in expense in printing and in page space which this suggestion would accomplish. Prof. Strand's Bibliographical Entomological Dictionary. Science for November 20, states that the manuscript for this work, notice of which appeared in Science for November 7, 1924, page 431 [and in the NEWS for May, 1924, page 178 1. will be sent to the press during the Christmas holidays. Any entomologists or arachnologists who have not yet submitted a sketch of their lives are urged to do so without delay. Sketches may be sent direct to Prof. Embrick Strand, director of the Sys- tematic Zoological Institute, University, Kronvalda bulvars 9, Riga, Latvia, or Prof. H. P. K. Agerborg, James Milliken University, Decatur, Illinois, or Prof. C. L. Metcalf, Natural History Building, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, will forward such sketches. A Few Additions to the Diptera of New Jersey. While making with Mr. Erdman West, a plant and inject survey, during 1924, of a restricted area along the coast of New Jersey, one mile below Seaside Park, the following species, which are not recorded in Smith's "List of the Insects of New Jersey" (N. J. State Mus. Rept. 1909) were collected. Mr. Charles W. Johnson very kindly identified our canturt-s. CHIRONOMIDAE: Ceratopogon levis Coq. May 29. Chirono- nius dti.r Johann. May 7. BOMBYLIIDAE : Villa shaitn John. Sept. 20, Oct. 24. EIMPIDAE: Endrapctis parricomls Mel. May 15. Cnlnbo- neura imisitata Mel. July 2. PIPUNCULIDAE: Pipuncnlns scoparius Cress. May 15. 29, Sept. 8. SARCOPHAGIDAE : Sarcophaga pachyprocta Park. May 15, Tune 16, July 15, August 20,' Sept. 8." S. bnllata Park. 'May 29, Sept. 26. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19 SEPSIDAE: Sepsis si^nifcra Mel.-Spul. May 29, Oct. 24. OSCINIDAE: Hi^clatcs snhi'itlcitiis Mall. June 16,' July 2, 15, August 5, Sept. S, 26. Chlorous iufcf/ni Heck. Sept. 8. Botanobia dorsalis Lw. June 16. July 12. B. inrlancliolica B. June 16. B. minor Ad. May 29. Diplofo.va inicroccra Lw. June 16, Sept. 8. AGROMYZIDAK: Rhicnocssa parrnla Lw. May 29, July 2. August 5. Agroin\za pnsilh Meig. Aug. 5. A. coqulllcUi Mall. July 15. ./." fntinosa Coq. \\iig. 20. HARRY I',. WEISS, New I.runswick, Xew Jersey. Personal Mention. Recent numbers of Science state that : Franklin Sherman, of the North Carolina State College, has been appointed head of the division of entomology at Clemson College, South Carolina. Glenn W. Herrick, professor of entomology in the Colli-cr^ of Agriculture at Cornell University, is going abroad to spend his sabbatic leave, visiting entomologists and laboratories in France and Italy. Dr. W. E. Britton, Connecticut State Entomologist, has been appointed to succeed the late Dr. H. H. Robinson as super- intendent of the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey and will carry on the work in connection with his duties as state entomologist. Dr. E. D. Ball, director of scientific work in the United States Department of Agriculture, has been appointed associate entomologist of the Florida State Plant Board. Dr. E. P. Felt, state entomologist. State Museum, Albany. New York, completed his thirtieth year of service on Septem- ber 14. From another source we learn that Miss Grace Snndhouxr has been appointed to the position of Senior Scientific Aide with the Federal Horticultural Hoard. Washington. She will continue her studies in the hymenopterous genus Osiniu and its allies. Recent visitors to the entomological collections at the Aca- demy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia have included Messrs. C. F. W. Muesebcck, Melrose 'Highlands, Massachusetts, con- sulting the type collection of the hymenopterous family llracon- idar; Fmil Liljc'blad, of the Field Museum of Xatural History, who examined the coleopterous familv Monldlidac. and Alan S. Xicolay of Upper Montclair. Xew Jersey, who studied vari- ous Coleoptera. 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON. JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. 4 Canadian Entomologist. 9 The Entomologist. 14 Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 17 Ent. Rund- schau, Stuttgart. 18 Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 22 Bulletin of Ent. Research. 26 Ent. Anzeiger, Wien. 30 Tijdschrift v. Ent., Holland. 39 The Florida Ento- mologist. 49 Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 51 Notulae Ent., Helsingfors. 60 Stettiner Ent. Zeit. 69 Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Paris. 101 Biolog. Bull., Woods Hole, Mass. 103 Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 105 Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 107 Biologisches Zentralblatt. 1C8 Jour. ^Washington Acad. Sci. Ill Archiv f. Naturg., Berlin. 113 Jour. Agric. Research, Washington. 118 Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 119 Proc., Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington. 131 Ent. Blatter, Berlin. 135 Quart. Jour. Microsc. Sciences. 138 Ainer. Mus. Novitates, New York. 139 Bulletin, So. California Acad. Sciences. 147- Arch. Zool. Exper. et Gen., Paris. 158 Boll. Mus. ZooL ed Anat. Comp. R. Univ.' Torino. GENERAL. Aue, A. U. E. Entomologisches allerlei. -14, xxxix, 109-10 (cont.). Bright, P. M. Over-collect- ing. 9, 1925, 273-5. Cockerell, T. D. A. Tertiary fossil insects from Argentina. Nature, cxvi, 711-12. Felt, E. P. Insects and human welfare. Sci. Month., xxi, 649-53. Jacobs, W. - - Vernachlassigten insektenordnungen. - - 14, xxxix, 117-8. Johnson, C. W. Insects that infest birds. Bui. Northeastern Bird-Band. Assoc., 1, 51-3. Lankester, E. R. Blindness of cave animals. Nature, cxvi, 745-6. Lefroy, H. M. Obituary. Nature, cxvi, 651-2. Meyer, P. -Ein wort zur lokalfaunenfrage. 49, xiv, 358-60. Scheer- peltz, O. Reichert'sche stereoaufsatz als entomologisches universalinstrument. 26, v, 153-6 (cont.). Schuster, W. Der letzte warmwinter 1924/25 und seine einwirkung auf XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \FAYS 21 kerbitiere. 18, xix, 221. Tragardh, I. Entomological analysis of trees. 22, xvi, \6 < >-74. Zerkowitz, A. ISericht uber den dritten internationalen kongress fur entomologie. 18, xix, 210-11. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bridges, C. B. Elimination of chromosomes due to a mutant in Drosophila. Haploidy in Drosophila. 119, xi, 701-6; 706-10. Gatenby, J. B. Reinvestigation of the spermatogenesis of Peripatus. 135, Lxix, 629-42. Jeannel, R. Sur lesjiomologies des articles de la patte des insectes. 142, Ixiv, 37-55. McEwen, R. S. Concerning the relative phototropism of vestigal and wild type Drosophila. 101, xlix, 354-64. Malan & Malan. Spermatogenesis of Locust- ana pardalina (Brown tree locust). Trans. R. Soc. So. Africa, xii, 1-22. Metz, C. W. Prophase chromosome be- havior in triploid individuals of Drosophila mel. Genetics. x, 345-50. Nath, V. Mitochondria and sperm-tail forma- tion, with particular reference to moths, scorpions and centipedes. 135. Ixix, 643-59. Strohl, J. Giftproduktion bei den tieren von zoologisch-physiologischen standpunkt. -107, Ixv, 513-36. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Thor, S. Ueber die phylogenie und systematik der Acarina. mit beitragcn zur ersten entwicklungsgeschichte einzelner gruppcn. Nyt Mag. f. Naturvid.. Oslo, Lxiii, 260-313. (N) *Chamberlin, R. V. Notes on N. Amer. spiders heretofore referred to Coelotes. 105, xxxviii, 119-24. *Ewing, H. E. New mites of the parasitic genus Haemo- gamasus. 105, xxxviii, 137-44. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Macna- mara, C. Insects of the snow. Nature Mag., 1925, 349-50. Snyder, T. E. Notes on fossil termites with particular reference to Florissant, Colo. 105, xxxviii, 149-66. (N) *McDunnough, J. Ephemeroptera of Covey Hill. One. Trans. R. Soc. Canada. (3), xix, 207-23. (S) *Karny, H. H. Ueber Phloeothrips sanguinolentus, iK'l.st einer revision der Diceratothripinengenera. 51, v. 77-84. *Navas, R. P. L. Neuropteros del museo de Ber- lin.Rev. Ac. Cien Zanigoxa, ix, 20-34. *Watson, J. R.- A New sp. of Symphyothrips from Argentina. 39, ix. 2 () 30 (cont). ORTHOPTERA. Hoffmann, C. C. Las migraciones dc la langosta. Soc. Cien. Antonio Al/atr. Mexico, xliv, 191-27. Voinov, D. Les elements sexuels de Gryllotalpa vulgaris. 142, Lxiii, 437-523. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 HEMIPTERA. (N) *Hungerford, H. B. Study of the Notonecta mexicana series, with descr. of n. sps.- 4, Iviii, 238-41. *Knight, H. H. Descr. of 12 n. sps. of Polymerus from No. Amer. (Miridae). 4, Ivii, 244-53. *List, G. M.- Three n. gen. and three n. sps. of Cimicidae from N. Amer. -105, xxxxviii, 103-110. *McAtee & Malloch. Another annectant genus (Cimicoidea). 105, xxxviii, 145-8. *Mc- Dunnough, J. Notes on Saldula obscura, with descr. of a new sp. 4, Ivii, 257-60. LEPIDOPTERA. Ebert, H. Wie totet man Zygaenen. 18, xix, 219-20. Engelhardt, G. P. Chapters from the long life of a butterfly collector. Brook. Mus. Quart., xii, 171-7. Gibson, A. Observations on the spruce budworm. Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3), xix, 195-205, col. pi. Pfeiffer, L.- Eineges uber die Uraniiden und Sematuriden der alten und der neuen welt. 14, xxxix, 118-9 (cont.). Schwanwitsch, B. N. On a remarkable dislocation of the components of the wing-pattern in the satyrid genus Pierella. 9, 1925, 266-9. Snodgrass, R. E. Cankerworms. Smiths. Rep.. 1924, 317-34. (N) *Comstock, J. A. Eight new races, forms or aber- rations of California butterflies.- 139, xxiv, 62-8. *McDun- nough, J. Euxoa ridingsiana and its allies. 4, Ivii, 242-4. (S) *Kohler, P. Fauna argentina. Theil 2, Heterocera. Syst. Katalog u. Stud. Bericht, Neubeschr., 28 pp. pis. *Prout, L. B. New Geometridae in the collection of the Deut. Ent. Inst., 49, xiv, 309-12. *Roeber, J. Neue falter (Papilio) 17, xlii, 42-3 (cont.). DIPTERA. Buxton & Hopkins. Race suicide in Stegomyia. 22, xvi, 151-3. Martiis, L. C. de Contribute alia conoscenza istologica delle ghiandole rettati dei Dit- teri. 158, xxxix, N. 25. Meijere, J. C. H. Larven der Agromyzinen. 30, Ixviii, 195-293 (cont.). Puri, 8. On the life history and structure of the early stages of Simu- liidae. Parasitology, xvii, 335-69. Tillyard, R. J. Alleged rhaetic crane flies. Nature, cxvi, 676-7. Whitfield, G. F. S. -Relation between the feeding-habits and the structure of the mouth-parts in the Asilidae. 103, 1925, 599-638. (N) *Curran, C. H. American sps. of the tachinid genu .. Peleteria. Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3), xix, 225-57. *Cur- ran, C. H. Four new Nearctic diptera. 4, Ivii. 254-7. *Duda, O. Aussereuropaischen arten der gattung Lepto- cera. 111, 1924, A, 11, 5-215. [There may not be any new sps. from North America described in this voluminous. poorly presented paper, but it will prove interesting to all XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 23 students of this family.) Frey, R. Zur systematik der Diptera Haplostomata Sepsidae. 51, v, 69-76. Seguy, E. Sur les caracteres conmiuns aux Ocstrides et aux Calli- phorines. 69, 1925, 735-36. (S) *Curran, C. H. New exotic diptera in the Am. Mn>. Xat. History. 138, No. 200. Lichtwardt, B. Uebcr Nemestriniden. 49, xiv, 392-94. COLEOPTERA. Cook, W. C. Distribution of the alfalfa weevil (Phytonomus posticus). A stud}- in physi- cal ecology. 113, xxx, 479-91. Fink, D. E. Physiological studies on hibernation in the potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. 101, xlix, 381-496. Jeannel, R. Morphol- \gie cle elytre des coleopteres adephages. 142, Ixiv, 1-84. Kern, P. Beitrage zur biologic der Caraben. 131. xxi, 114-9. Roepke, W. Zur vermeintlichen myrmekophilie dc> Trochoideus desjardinsi ( Endomychidae). 107, Ixv, 572-4. Zimmermann, A. Beitrage zur kenntnis der sudamerikan- isclien wasserkaefer.--158, xxxix, N. 29. ( X ) Blunck, H. Syllabus der insektenbiologie bear- beitet von zahlreichen fachleuten und herausg von. Coleop- eren : Lief. 1. 136pp. *Fisher, W. S. New cactus weevil from Texas. 108, xv, 425-6. (S) *Corporral, J. B. Ein neuer Clerus (Cleridae). 49, xiv. 394-5. *Horn. W. Ueber 16 alte und neue Cicin- delicleii der welt. 131, xxi, 131-9. *Knisch, A. Coleoptera aus dem tropischen Amerika.^158, xxxix, X. 30. *Reich- ensperger, A. \Veitere Histeriden-beitrage. 49, xiv, 351-7. HYMENOPTERA. Chittenden, F. H. Note on a sec- ondary egg parasite of the celery leaf-tyer. 4, Ivii, 260. Gray, H. E. Observations on tripping of alfalfa blossoms. 4, Ivii, 235-7. Hintzelmann, U. Beitrage zur morphol- ogic von Trichogramma evanescens. Arb. Miol. Reichs. f. Land-u. Forstw., Berlin, xiv, 225-30. Wasmann, E. 1 )ic ameisenmimikry. 118. 1925, 925-32. Whiting & Whiting. -Diploid males from fertilized eggs of hymenoptera. Science, Ixii, 437. (X) Bluthgen, P. Bienengattung Xoiiiioi(U->. 60, 1925, -98. Emery, C. Genera insectorum. Formicidae. Subt". l-'ormicinae. 302pp.. 4pls. Ferris, G. F. Generic types of tlu- Diaspidae. 22, xvi, 163-7. :i: Viereck, H. L. Prelim- inary revision of some Chan>p-inae. a subf. of Ichneumon- oidca. Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3). xix. 25 ( >-73. (Sj *Menozzi, C. Oualche formica miova ork owing to the advent of the war, and the loss of four of the workers on the battle front. Some of the chapters, therefore, have been left in the stage at which they were first written, and consequently do not take into account more recent papers on related subjects ; yet, this defect does not invalidate the facts recorded, and these-, together with the ample bibliographical lists accompanying each chapter, must relieve the student, who would carry the subject further, of a great amount of preliminary research. Specialists in insect morphology, who have read the various papers comprising these volumes as they have appeared will be already familiar with their contents ; to those who will better appreciate the work in its unified form, a brief review of the chapter subjects will probably give best an idea of its scope. A description of methods found most satisfactory in making dissections is given in the first chapter ; in the other chapters each worker furnishes a detailed account of his own special technique. Chapters 2 and 3 have to do with the outer parts of the beetle; the fourth, based on the work of A. Casper, con- tains an exhaustive account of the structure of the body wail and the hypodermal glands, and constitutes an important con- tribution to insect histology. The following four chapters are devoted to the sense organs. In the first, R. Hochreuther gives a full description of the sense organs of the hair type, and contributes much to an understanding of the general morphology of insect sense organs. The next chapter, by R. Lehr, treats in particular of the sense organs of the wings, including the external sensory pits and hairs and the internal chordotonal organs. In the succeeding chapter Lehr describes the sense organs in the pedicel of the larval antenna, where, besides a simple organ of Johnston, he finds four associated true chordotonal organs. Chapter 8 details the structure of the eyes of both the beetle and the larva, and it is shown here by K. Giinther that the compound eye of the beetle is developed from the ,hypodermis independent of the similarly placed ocelli of the larva, remnants of the larval eyes being found in the adult associated with the strands of the optic nerve. Chapter 9, from the work of (i. I lolste, takes up the nervous system, and is illustrated with beautiful halftone drawings show- ing the distribution of the nerves throughout the body and ap- pendages. In the following chapter 1 lolste goes into the finer structure of the brain and, while his study is not exhaustive, it adds a few details to what is known of the brain in other 26 K.XTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 insects and extends the foundation of our knowledge of the insect nervous mechanism. Next come three chapters on the muscles, mostly by A. Bauer, and then one on the respiratory system, hased on several papers by W. Alt. Chapter 15 contains a thorough study of the organs of circulation, taken from recent papers of W. Kuril and E. Oberle. This chapter constitutes probably the most up-to- date treatment on the circulatory organs of any insect, and may well be taken as a model for other studies on these organs. Volume II opens with a chapter on the fat body and the oenocytes of the beetle and of the larva, by A. Kreuscher. It is shown that the fat cells of the larva store up both fatty and albuminoid substances, the former, however, being almost replaced by the latter when the larva is ready for pupation. The fat cells suffer but little destruction during metamorphosis, most of them being carried over intact to form the fat body of the adult. The alimentary canal of the beetle and the larva is the subject of Chapter 19, the work of H. Rungius. Partic- uarly interesting is the description of the mouth of the larva and its connection with the channels of the mandibles. The series of four chapters following, on the reproductive organs, mating, the laying' of the eggs, and the embryological development, contain much that is of interest. Especially instructive are the painstaking studies of H. Blunck on the manner of the formation of the spermatophore, its transfer to the copulatory pouch of the female, and the entrance of the sperm into the spermatheca. These investigations furnish an excellent example of a thoroughgoing piece of anatomical re- search. The subject is illustrated by a series of twenty-seven figures showing concisely all stages of the process the exit of the sperm into the penis, their envelopment by mucous from the mucous glands and the final discharge of the completed sperma- tophore into the copulatory pouch of the female. The relative position of the female and male genital parts and the position of the spermatophore within the female are well shown in a dia- grammatic longitudinal section. The wall of the spermatophore turned toward the vaginal opening is now apparently dissolved by a secretion of special vaginal glands, the sperm are forced into the vagina by compression of the surrounding parts, and are sucked up through the vagina by the action of the muscular walls of the latter. From the anterior end of the vagina they enter the spermatheca, probably by their own motion. Most females of Dyliscns marginalis are fertilized in the fall : egg- laying begins the following spring, continuing into July. When xxxvii, '26] KNTO. \ioLor.ir\T. NEWS 27 a ripened egg passes into the vagina a small mass of sperm, in a liquid from the spermathecal glands, is discharged upon the egg through a channel in the anterior wall of the neck of the spermatheca, by the contraction of the muscular walls of tin- organ. The chapter on the laying of the eggs, also from the work of Blunck, contains data on the time of oviposition, the number of eggs laid by a single female, the place, and the manner of oviposition. The female beetles always entrust their eggs to healthy chlorophyll-bearing parts of the plants, and it appeals that the production of oxygen by the plants promotes metabol- ism in the eggs, and, therefore, the development of the embryo. A history of the development from segmentation to the fully- formed larva is given in Chapter 23. Though there is little in this account that throws new light on general insect ontogeny, it is satisfactory to rind established ideas verified and further exemplified. A number of points, however, are worth a special notice. The curved side of the Dytiscus egg is not necessarily the ventral side of the future embryo. The micropyle apparatus consists of a disc at the cephalic pole of the egg surrounded by a circle of about 60 pores through the chorion. Water diffuses rapidly through the chorion and causes the latter to separate from the vitelline membrane, until finally, the chorion bursts, leaving the older embryos covered only by the vitelline membrane. The inner germ layer, or mesoderm, is formed by proliferation of cells from a ventral groove of the germ band, but there is no invagination (gastrulation) as in Hydrophilus. The description of the segmentation of the embryo is somewhat confusing, because the antennal segment is enumerated as a segment following the procephalon, which latter, it is stated, consists of three segments. Then there are three gnathal seg- ments, three thoracic, and eleven abdominal segments besides a terminal telson, giving 21 segments and the end piece, or telson. Later, in this same chapter, however, as well as in the former chapter on the nervous system, the brain of Dytiscus is shown to be composed of the ordinary three procephalic ganglia, and is followed by three gnathal, three thoracic, and eleven abdominal ganglia, the telson alone lacking a ganglion in the embryo. This is the complete number of ganglia typical for insects, and the enumeration must assume the presence of only 20 segments he-sides the last one. or telsun a total of 21. Chapter 24, entitled the "Larval Development." treats principally of the anatomy of the larva. The following chapter, one of 111 pages, on the metamorphosis, mostly the work of 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 ISlunck, deals with the life and changes of the larva, and with the structure, life, and transformation of the pupa. Under the many sub-headings are described the locomotion, respiration, and senses of the larva, its feeding, digestion, and the function of the various parts of its alimentary canal. Also, there is given a great mass of observations on the influence of tempera- ture, food, light, etc., on the larval life. The next three chapters treat of the biology of Dytiscns, of its diseases, enemies and parasites, and of the economic phase of the water beetle, the last arising from its destructiveness to fish. Chapter 29 gives a history of the water beetle in literature, with a long bibliographical list beginning with the year 1536. The subject matter of the final chapter is palaeontologic, sys- tematic and faunistic. The earliest fossil remains of Dytiscns, mostly elytra, come from the Oligocene and Miocene. The foregoing outline is sufficient to suggest that this work on Dytiscns contains a fund of information that should become familiar to every student in entomology. Though few Ameri- can students are likely to read through the two volumes con- secutively, the chapters taken individually will furnish some of the best working models available on any subject of insect anatomy. Too much of our morphological work ends with a mere description of structure, making no effort at contact with the physiological aspect of the subject. The study of form in itself has generally been regarded as sufficient for purposes of classification and' phylogeny, and so it may be in many cases, but even here a knowledge of function is likely to be a great help in determining the most probable line of evolution of an organ. There is a more important reason, however, for the study of insect anatomy from the physiological standpoint, and this is the increasing importance of physiology itself in modern ento- mology. The natural steps in the expansion of a biological science lead through taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and psychology. Entomology is now entering the third field of its growth, and is looking toward the fourth, but is finding, in many cases, that the second has been too hurriedly traversed. In insect physiology too much can not be assumed from a knowledge of vertebrate physiology. Though physiological processes may be fundamentally alike in all animals, the means of arriving at the same results often differ widely in differ- ent groups. A thorough knowledge of comparative anatomy, therefore, is fundamental to the study of physiology. In ento- mology there is now, more than ever before, a need of good ref- ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate II. HENRY W. WENZEL. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.VVS 29 erence books on the detailed structure of insect organs, aiul the timely appearance of this assembled work on Dytiscus should be welcomed by all entomologists, and especially by every student in the more advanced fields of insect physiology and biology. R. E. S.NODGRASS. OBITUARY. HENRY W. WEN z EL died on November 7, 1925, at his home in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 68 years, of a linger- ing illness. He was born in Philadelphia on May 16, 1857. He received his education in the Public Schools of Philadel- phia, and for a period in one of the then German Schools. From boyhood days he was interested in Natural History, and under the leadership and guidance of his grandfather, Henry Feldman, he finally confined his studies to the Cole- optera, in which order he accumulated one of the finest collec- tions of North American species extant. The collection contains many paratypes, and all the specimens are properly labeled with place of capture, date and name of collector, and such as have been bred have biological notes on a supple- mentary label. Air. Wenzel had corresponded with nearly every North American Coleopterist of note, who lived in his time, and had entertained many of them at his home, and in most cases his visitors went away richer than when they came to him, as he was always liberal in dividing his specimens with those who were especially interested in Coleoptera. He did not describe any new species. He was satisfied to have that done by those who specialized in the various families and groups. His chief collecting ground in the early part of his career was in the "Philadelphia Neck," in the southern part of the city, close to which neighborhood he lived at that time; later he worked in the Pine-barrens of Southern Xew Jersey for many years, and in the latter locality established many new records which were published in Smith's famous List of Insects of Xew Jersey in 1909. Since that time he made a number of extended collecting trips, notably to the mountains of Xorth (Carolina, also along the Gulf of AFexico, in Alabama, and his last trip 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 was to the Province of Ontario, Canada. Besides the above mentioned trips his son Harry A., made a trip to the Huachuca Mountains in Arizona in company with H. A. Kaeber, another to Tybee Island, off the coast of Georgia, and also a trip with Wagner Green through Texas ; the material collected on the trips of his son were divided between the respective collectors and Harry's share all went into the collection of his father and I want to lay stress on the fact that he has been an enthusiastic and never tiring collector. On all of these expeditions many new species were discovered and turned over to specialists for description, and the collection is adorned with paratypes of nearly all such. Mr. Wenzel was the organizer and really the sponsor of the Feldman Collecting Social, which was started in Decem- ber, 1887. The greater number of the meetings of the Social were held at Mr. Wenzel's home which was always a wel- come place for Entomologists ; members and friends would always bring boxes of current capture for him to identify, which he did willingly and patiently. I have personally collected Coleoptera but incidently, and will always recall with much pleasure, the many afternoons and evenings which I spent with him going over my material and he determining the same for me. Besides collecting' Coleoptera he was interested in Natural History in every phase ; he was anxious to know the trees and smaller plants ; he knew all the common and many rare birds as well as the reptiles. He always collected some speci- mens in other orders of the Insect World and turned them over to his friends who were interested in such orders. I have in my collection of Lepidoptera, many specimens which bear the label collected by H. W. Wenzel and 1 1. A. Wenzel. Since about a year the Feldman Collecting Social has not held a meeting, on account of Mr. Wenzel's illness, but 1 hope that we can get the boys together again, as I am sure that if he could express himself it would be his wish that the Social live on after him. He was elected a member of The American Entomological XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 Society April 23, 1S96, was Vice President from 1901 to I'M 5 and a member of the Advisory Committee of the XE\VS since 1906. Mr. Wenzel has published a number of faunistic papers which were of value to science, several of which are men- tioned in "Bibliography of Taxonomic Coleopterology" by Charles W. Leng, B. Sc. published in 1920. We have lost a dear friend and a good fellow. FRANK HAIMBACII. Under date of September, 1925, the German Folk Song Union in Vienna, in conjunction with Frau Angela Kohl and friends and admirers of the late FRANZ FRIEDRICH KOHL, has issued a memorial portrait of the deceased entomologist. It announces also that a memorial committee has been formed in Traismauer, where he died, which plans to place a tablet to his memory on the house in which he passed away. The sculptor Karl IMiii'rn. creator of the Adalbert monument in the Tiirkenschanz Park in Vienna, has undertaken the work. Contributions for this purpose are solicited and may be sent to Herr Richard Gutscher, chairman, Hofrat Kohl Stiftung, Kunstmiihle, Trais- mauer, Austria. Dr. F. Maidl, curator in the Natural History Museum in Vienna, has published in Volume 38 of the Annalcn of the Museum (pages 174-179, April, 1925) an obituary notice of this distinguished hymenoptenst. He was born January 13, 1851, at St. Valentin auf der Heide (Vintschgau, Tyrol) and died December 15, 1924. In his early years he lost his father, Jo- hann Kohl, and removed with his mother to- Bozen where he attended the Volksschule and the Franciscan Gymnasium. One of the professors of the latter institution, P. Vinzenz Gredler, appears to have awakened in the young Kohl an interest in the natural sciences. Later Kohl went to the university at Inns- bruck, where he studied under Adolf Pickler, Kerner and Heller. The period that followed was a struggle for existence. After five years of teaching at I'.o/en and at Innsbruck, he abandoned the profession and worked with Frey-Gessner in Geneva, then in Miinich, where he became acquainted with Kriechbaumer and 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26 then on December 31. 1885, was appointed scientific assistant in the museum at Vienna. Here he eventually was placed in charge of the collection of Hymenoptera which, "under his direction, expanded from a small store-box to fill a large room, and became indispensable for everyone who investigated this subject anywhere in the world, just as Kohl's advice and aid were willingly placed at the service of hundreds of corres- pondents." He published seventy-five papers on entomology and zoology from 1878 to 1923 ; Dr. Maicll gives a list of them, twelve being monographs. Most extensive were those treating of the genera of the Pom- pilidae. Larridae and Sphecinae (1885), Thyrcopus (1888), the monograph of Sphc.v (1890, 1895). PhilatitJnts (1891), Aiupnlc.r and allies (1893), genera of the Sphegidae (1896), Ammophila (1901, 1907), Pndium (1902), Ccrccris (1915), Sccliphron (Pclofaeus) (1918) and Bclomicrus H923) and many on the Hymenoptera of different geographical areas and descriptions of new species. DR. WALTER DAVID HUNTER, chief of the section of insects affecting southern field crops, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, and a member of the Federal Horticultural Board, died suddenly at El Paso, Texas, on Octo- ber 13, 1925, in his fiftieth year. He received the A.B. from the University of Nebraska in 1895, continuing there as an assistant in entomology, became assistant entomologist in the Iowa Agri- cultural Experiment Station in 1901. assistant entomologist in charge of boll weevil investigations of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture in 1902; in 1905 was placed in charge of all southern field crop insect investigations and made a member of the Federal Horticultural Board in 1908. He took a large part in the eradication of the pink boll worm in Louisiana and Texas and also had direction of investigations of insects affect- ing the health of man and animals. Dr. L. O. Howard con- tributes an appreciative notice of the man and his work to Science for November 13, from which we have taken the above. ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS for December, 1925, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 11, 1925. FEBRUARY, 1926 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXVII No. 2 JAMES RIDINGS 1803-1880 CONTENTS Crampton A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the Interrelationships of the Neraatocera 33 Davidson A New Californian Syrphid (Diptera) 4u Skinner Euodia ponlandia, andromacha and creola (Lep., Rhopalo- cera 42 Barber A Short List of Scntelleroidea Collected in New Mexico in 1916 4 - Alexander Uudescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United Stated and Canada. (Dipt.: Tipulidae). . . 4-1 Osburn A New Species of the Genus Condidea (Diptera, Syrphidae). 52 Smith Assistance Wanted in the Study of Ants (Ilym. : Formicidae). 53 Editorial Entomology at the " Convocation Week" Meetings. Dec^m- ber 28, 1925, to January 2, 1926 54 Personal Mention . . i Changes of Address . 56 Aldrich The Dognin Collection of Lepidoptera at the U. S. National Museum 46 i Lecture by Dr. E. P. Felt 57 Ingham Collecting in the West 57 .McMurray Oviposition of Brenthis bellona (Lep.: Nymphalidae) . . (Entomological Literature 5s > Review Herrick's Manual of Injurious Insects 62 ^Review Fox's Insects and Disease of Man 62 i Obituary Professor Harry Arthur Gossard '4 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Sectiea IK>J. Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The Americaii, Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. Advisory Committee: Ezra T. 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The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copits. $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty -five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-fivt copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater number! of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate III Fig.* BJTT4CC*IORPHi THORACIC SCLERITES OF PSYCHODOID DIPTERA CRAMPTON. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXIV. Plate IV. si. CULICOlDEA BIBIONOIDEA PSYCHODOIDEA NEMOPALPUS Fig.8 BLEPHAROCEROIDEA TIPULOIDEA PHLEBOTOlflJS Fig. 9 PROTODIPTERA Fig. 12 3 1C Fig. 10 BRUCHOMYIA 111, Fig. II PSYCHODA THORACIC SCLERITES OF PSYCHODOID DIPTERA.-CRAMPTON. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XXXVII FEBRUARY, 1926 No. 2 A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the Interrelationships of the Nematocera. My (>. C. CRVMPTOX, Mass. Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. (Plates III and IV.) Through the kindness of Dr. J. W. Campbell and Mr. T. R. Harris, I have been able to make a study of the anatomy of such rare and primitive New Zealand Diptera as Nem&palpus. Tanydcrus, etc., and Dr. C. P. Alexander has very generously permitted me to make a detailed study of the amber Dipteran Macrochilc, which is in some respects the most primitive Dip- teran of which we have any knowledge and presents many features common to several groups of Diptera. Mr. R. Shan- non and Mr. H. S. Barber have very kindly given me a num- ber of specimens of Plilcbototnus, and through the kindness of Mr. F. W. Edwards, I have been able to study several other types of Psychodidae. For the specimens of Nannochorista studied, I am indebted to Dr. Campbell and Mr. Harris. Since most of the insects here figured are extremely rare and valu- able. I am more than grateful to the above-mentioned gentlemen for permitting me to make this study. The principal point brought out in this study, is the close relationship between the Ptychopteridae, Tanycleridae and Psychodidae, indicated by the thoracic sclerites. Mr. Edwards has very kindly consented to allow me to quote his statement, made /'// liltcris, that the Tanyderidae and Psychodidae should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea. Just after learning of Dr. Edwards' view, I had an opportunity of making a detailed anatomical study of MacrochUc contained in a collection of amber Diptcra received by Dr. Alexander; and the study of Mncrochllc, which offers the key to the whole 33 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26 situation, clearly indicates that the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae should he grouped in a single superfamily or similar division of the Nematocerous Diptera, since Macro- chile is in a sense a synthetic type combining characters occur- ring in the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae. In fact, I consider that Mocrochile is the nearest living representa- tive of the common ancestor of these families, although Macro- chile is itself an "out and out" Tanyderid, as Dr. Alexander points out from its venational characters and as is indicated by its head and thoracic structures as well. Before taking up the discussion of those features in which Macrochilc is annectant between the rest of the Tanyderidae and the Ptychopteridae and Psychodidae, I would call atten- tion to some of the thoracic characters which all of these in- sects have in common, and which indicate that they should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea. In all of the Psychodoidea, the meral region of the middle coxa becomes detached from the coxa and fuses with the lower portion of the mesothoracic epimeron to form the area labelled iupl in all figures. The only other lower Diptera in which this occurs are the Eriopterine Tipuloids* and this fact may have some phylogenetic significance. There is a fusion of the meral region with the lower portion of the epimeron in the mesothorax of the Blepharoceridae, also, but the meron does not become detached from the coxa as in the Psychodoidea and Eriopterine Tipuloids, so that the end result in the Blepharo- ceridae is different, and hence has no particular phylogenetic significance. A second feature common to all Psychodoids is the fact that the scutal suture labelled .? in all figures is incomplete, while in the Tipuloids. and of course in the Eriopterine Tipu- loids as well, the scutal suture forms the well-known "V- shaped" suture familiar to all systematists. In practically all Psychodoids, the suture labelled a in all figures, is incomplete, and in all of these insects, the sclerite labelled saf is more or less clearly demarked. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 Macrochile exhibits all of the above-mentioned features common to all Psychodoids, and in addition, it offers certain characters indicating" that it is anatomically intermediate be- tween the different Psychodoid families, and hence has de- parted less than any of the other forms here studied, from the condition characteristic of the common ancestor of these Psy- chodoid families. Thus, in the length of the coxae, Macrochile (Fig. 1) is intermediate between the Tanyderid types with short coxae shown in Figs. 2 and 4, on the one hand, and the Psychodid types with extremely long coxae shown in Figs. 8 and 10, on the other ; and it is aproached by the Ptychopterid shown in Fig:. 6. This fact taken alone, has no particular significance, since short and long types of coxae occur in some members of all three Psychodoid families, but taken in connection with the other features here mentioned, this fact does have some significance. In the relative sizes of the prothorax, and the pronotum in particular, Macrochile (Fig. 1) is intermediate between the Tanyderid types shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, with their greatly elongated pronota and the Psychodid types shown in Figs. 8 and 10, with their greatly reduced pronota ; and again, the con- dition exhibited by Macrochile is approached by that of the Ptychopterid shown in Fig. 6. In fact, the general character of the thorax of Macr&chile, which is not as depressed as that of the rest of the Tanyderids, nor as elongated as that of the lower Psychodids, furnishes a more suitable "starting-point" from which these other types (and that of the Ptychopterid shown in Fig. 6, as well ) could be derived, than does any other of the forms here shown ; and I think that Macrochile repre- sents more nearly than any other, the type ancestral to the Psychodoidea in general, although, of course, this does not mean that MacrocJiilc is the actual ancestor of the Psychodoidea. Since some Mecoptcra (which are very like the ancestors of the Diptera ) have a rather broad pronotum, as in the Mecopteran Nannochorista, shown in Fig. 5, this might be taken to indicate that the broader type of pronotum exhibited 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26 by the Tanyderids shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, represents a more primitive condition than that of Macrochile. On the other hand, some Mecoptera also have quite narrow pronota (as in Bittacns and other members of the order) so that the narrow pronotum of Macrochile is not of necessity a specializa- tion, and its pronotum is assuredly more like those of the rest of the Psychodoidea than is the case with pronota of the Tanyderids other than Macrochile. Although the enlarged pronotum of such Tanyderids as the ones shown in Fig. 2, may not represent a specialization, the greatly elongated neck plate Ic of this insect certainly seems to be a case of specialization in the direction of extreme length, when we compare this region in Tan yd cms (Fig. 2) with the same region in a Mecopteran such as Natuiachorista (Fig. 5), and it would seem that the elongated lateral cervical Ic of the Tanyderids shown in Figs. 4 and 3 shows more specialization than does the more normal type of lateral cervical Ic in the insect shown in Fig. 1. If the lateral cervical plates of these Tanyderids are more specialized than that of Macrochile, it is also possible that their pronota are likewise more specialized than that of Macrochile: and the huge pronotum of Peringncy- omyina (Fig. 3) seems to indicate that there is an orthogene- tic tendency in the group to develop an unusually long prono- tum, so that the large pronota of these Tanyderids may pos- sibly denote a degree of specialization rather than a retention of a condition more primitive than that exhibited by Macrochile. Whether or not Macrochile's pronotum is more primitive than the pronota of the other Tanyderids, it is none the less true that MacrocJiilc's pronotum is more like that of the rest of the Psychodoidea ; and the rest of the Psychodoidea exhibit marked tendency toward the reduction of the pronotum which is carried to the extreme in such Psychodoids as the one shown in Fig. 7. or in those shown in Figs. 11, 10 etc. Macrochih would thus offer a better "starting point" than any other Tanyderid, in attempting to trace the modification of the pro- nota of the Psychodoidea in general. In regard to the metanotum, this region is extremely large XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XliXVS 37 in Xcinopulpits, Bnte/ioinyia and Psychotla ( I. c., the region labelled ////// in Figs. 8, 10 and 11 ), although in such a Psycho- did as Phlebotomus ( Fig. 9, inln ) it becomes markedly narrow in the median region. The metanotum intii of Macrochile ( Fig. 1 ) is somewhat intermediate in type between that of the Tanyderids and Psychodids, so that even in this particular also, Macrochile occupies an intermediate anatomical position in keeping with its general annectant character. It is rather disappointing to find that Phlebotomus' meta- notum is narrowed in the median region, since the combina- tion of peculiarly broad metanotum and extremely narrowed pronotum would otherwise serve to differentiate the Psy- chodidae from the other Psychodoid families. The very narrow pronotum and medianly narrowed metanotum of Bittacomorpha ( Fig. 7 ) however, would indicate that Bitta- coniorpJia might have inherited some of the tendencies which affect the mode of development of Phlebotomus (Fig. 9) also, and the Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae thus exhibit in some of their members peculiar tendencies which may have been inherited from a common ancestry. The type of pronota, however, is not precisely similar in the Psychodidae and in the Ptychopteridae with reduced pronotum (Fig. 7), so that there is no difficulty in distinguishing the two groups thorac- ically, and the suture b, present in the Psychodids, is lacking in the Pty chop ter ids. All of the Ptychopteridae which I have examined have a peculiar "prehaltere" labelled />/// in Figs. 6 and 7. This "pre- haltere" may possibly serve as an organ for detecting currents of air in Might, or for directing flight, or some similar func- tion, although its real significance is not known. It seems to lie peculiar to the Ptychopteridae, since I have seen no mention of its occurrence in other groups of Diptera, although in the Syrphidae an organ having a somewhat similar appear- ance occurs under the fore wing in the region of the subalar plate, but of course it is not in any sense homologous with the organ in question in the Ptychopteridae. The location of the metathoracic spiracle extremely close to 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS- [Feb.. '26 the base of the cut-off halter in the Ptychopterids here figured is a character they share with all Psychodoids, while the very tiny mesothoracic spiracle (located just back of the pro- notum) is peculiar to all the Psychodidae and the tendency toward the reduction of the mesothoracic spiracle is not shared by the rest of the Psychodoidea. It may be remarked in pass- ing, that the mesothoracic spiracle of the Mecopteran Nannochorista (Fig/ 5) is very tiny also, but the meso- thoracic spiracle is proportionately much larger in the Mecopter*an Bittacns. The thoracic features indicating a close relationship between the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae. then, are the location of the metathoracic spiracle very close to the halter, the fusion of the detached mesothoracic meron with the lower portion of the epimtron, the demarcation of the sclerite saf, and the incomplete character of the suture a, and of the suture .v (of all figures). The nature of the thoracic struc- ture would thus indicate that the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae were descended from a common ancestry (from which Macrochile has departed but little) and should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea. I formerly thought that the subfamily Bruchomyinae, placed in the Tanyderidae by Dr. Alexander, represents a distinct family, the "Bruchomyidae," but the thoracic sclerites of Brnchornyia and Xcmof>alpns (Figs. 10 and 8) are so similar to those of such Psychodidae as Phlcbotomus (Fig. 9) that it is necessary to place the Bruchomyines in the family Psychodidae. The male genitalia. venation, etc., of Brtich- omyia, however, are of a quite different type from those of Phlcbotomus and Psychoda, and I would prefer to retain the subfamily Bruchomyinae instead of sinking it in the Phlebo- tominae as Mr. Edwards seems inclined to do. (To he continued.) ABBREVIATIONS. a Anepisternal suture acm Pteropleurite or ancpimerum acs Anepisternuni XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 apu Antepronotum b Anepimeral suture bp Basalar pit c Pleural suture ex Coxa cc Eucoxa em Epimerum es Episternum lc Lateral cervical plate (laterocervicale) mpl Meropleurum mt Mediotergum intn Metanotum p Prescutal suture pat Paratergum pn Pronotum poh Posthaltere ppn Postpronotum prh Prehaltere psc Prescutum psl Postscutellum pt Postalare or pleurotergum s Scutal suture saf Subalifer xc Scutum si Scutellum spl Sternopleurum or katepisternum st Sternum EXPLANATION OF PLATES III AND IV. Fig. 1. . . .Thorax of Tarry derid Macrochile spectrum Fig. 2.... Thorax of Tanyderid Tanydcrus forcipatus and another species combined Fig. 3 . . . . Prothorax of Tanyderid Peringueyomyina barnardi Fig. 4. . . .Thorax of Tanyderid Protoplasa filchii Fig. 5. . . .Prothorax of Mecopteran Nannochorista diptcroidcs Fig. 6. . . .Thorax of Ptychopterid Ptychoptcra rnfocincta Fig. 7. . . .Thorax of Bittacomorpha clavipes (a Ptychopterid) Fig. 8. . . .Thorax of Psychodid Nemopalpus seylandlae Fig. 9. . . .Thorax of Psychodid Phlebotomus sp. Fig. 10. . .Thorax of Psychodid Brnclnmiyui (ir^cntimi Fig. 11... Thorax of Psychodid Psychoda sp. All figures are lateral views, and the anterior end is directed toward the left hand margin ; the dorsal region is toward the top of the plate. 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL \ii\vs [Feb., '26 A New Californian Syrphid (Diptera). By W. M. DAVIDSON, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Vienna, Virginia.* Ceriodes durani sp. nov. Medium-sized species; pedicel of antennae very short; third antennal joint longer than second ; abdomen slightly longer than head and thorax combined, basally constricted; black and yellow species with rufous legs. $. Length (antennae excluded) 12mm.. Length of wing 9mm. Antennal process or pedicel short, below practically obsolete, one-fifth as long as first antennal joint, testaceous, black at base where it joins the frons. First antennal joint a little shorter than third, third nearly three times as long as Antennae of Ceriodes durani. second, style two-thirds as long as second joint ; first joint rufo-testaceous, second fuscous, shining, third dull velvety black, style bright yellow, terminal ; first two joints short black pilose. Front yellow, a broad transverse black band across the ocelli reaching the eyes, pile fulvous. Rugose areas of the chitin are present adjacent to the upper eye corners. Post- ocular orbits black, yellow pollinose and pilose and enclosing an irregularly-shaped orange spot at lower third of the eyes. Below the eyes' is an elongate orange spot widening at its junction with the mouth edge and enclosed by the black of the cheeks and the black oblique facial stripe which connects the lower eye margin with the mouth edge. Sparse fulvous pile on cheeks and lower face. Face yellow, about the base of the antennal pedicel black, a small black dash on either side of the median below the antennae, a brown median spot just above the oral margin, an oblique black stripe connecting the lower eye corner with the mouth edge. Profile almost straight, a hardly perceptible tubercle just above the center of the mouth. Thorax dull black, with two narrow yellow parallel dorso- * Published with permission nf the Secretary of Agriculture. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKNVS 41 lateral stripes behind the suture and not attaining any margin or suture. Posterior angles brown. Humeral and ante-alar callosities yellow ; a large oval yellow spot on the mesopleura, a smaller one on the sternopleura below, no yellow spot on the pteropleura. Halteres orange. Squamae white ; pile fulvous, short. Wings without bristles except on the costa ; anterior half clouded light brown ; discal portion of third vein obtusely angulate and petiolate midway between its apex and the anterior cross-vein. Legs reddish-yellow ; femora on distal half below armed with two rows of short black spines. Pile of legs ful- vous. Coxae brown, light pilose. Scutellum yellow, anterior margin narrowly black, pile yellow. The thoracic pile is white and recurvent on the dorsum and fulvous on the yellow side areas. Post-scutellum black. Abdomen constricted) at the suture between first and second segments, widest at middle of third segment. First segment black, sides narrowly brown, pile mostly whitish and erect at sides. Second segment about two-thirds as long as third or fourth, black, sides narrowly brown, the posterior bojrder broadly yellow, annulate and shining; pile mostly fulvou? and recurvent. Third and fourth segments black, each with a broad posterior yellow shining fascia and fulvous recurvent pile. On the dull disc of the third segment are two small triangular areas of yellow pollen, separated narrowly in the middle, their bases almost attaining the yellow posterior fascia. Similar but more extensive pollinose areas occur on the fourth segment, and these almost reach the anterior and lateral mar- gins of the segment. Fifth segment and venter of fourth black, entirely clothed with yellow pollen. Pile of the posterior segments fulvous and recurvent. The yellow fasciae reach the lateral margins for their full width. <3. Length (antennae excluded) 11.5mm. Vertical triangle black, shining. The enclosed yellow stripe below the eyes reduced to two small spots, and the orange spot behind the eyes much less extensive than in the female. The brown spot on the face below darker and more extensive than in the female, and produced upwards almost to the antennal pedicel in two narrow brown lines. Eighth tergite black, yel- lowish pollinose, with two small testaceous spots in front, the pile yellow and black. Sixth and seventh tergites light brown, chiefly black pilose. Type female collected on April 18, 1915, in Mitchell Canyon at the base of Mt. Diablo, Contra Costal County, California. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26 Allotypc male collected on April 23, 1916, in the same locality. Both were taken about blossoms of poison oak (Rhus divcrsi- Icba), a plant much favored by syrphids. Types in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 28121). Named for Mr. Victor Duran, who has collected extensively in California. Enodia portlandia, andromacha and creola (Lep., Rhopalocera). By HENRY SKINNER. Mr. George P. Engelhardt, Curator of the Department of Natural Science of the Brooklyn Museum, has recently sent me six specimens of an Enodia, one from Mobile. Alabama, and five from Gainesville, Florida, all taken in the month of May. There were five specimens here at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia : four from Chicasaw, Alabama, taken near the end of August, by W. C. Dukes, and one from Macon, Georgia, caught by Fred. W. Walker, April llth, 1915. The specimens from Florida and the other places are a form or race that have been sent to me as creola Skinner. However, it is not the same form or species. I only know of creola from the type and allotype in the collection here at the Academy and the perfect figure of the insect in Dr. Holland's Butterfly Book. The southern form from Florida, Alabama and Georgia is very well figured under the name andromaclia in Hiibner's Samm. Exotischer Schmetterlinge, Band I. It is also beauti- fully figured by Boisduval and Leconte, Hist. Gen. Lep. Amer. Sept. pi. 58, under the name portlandia. Typical portlandia is well figured by W. H. Edwards in his great work on the But- terflies of North America, volume three We have some nice specimens of portlandia from as far north as Miniota, Mani- toba, Canada, taken by Hugh Gibbon, in the latter part of June. Andromacha represents the Gulf State form of port- ion diet, or a different species, according to whether you are a lumper or a splitter. The exact status of creola is not known ; the spaces between the veins on the primary wings are filled by plush-like scales. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 olive-green in color and on each of these spaces is a fawn- colored spot, wedge-shaped, and at the outer end of each of these is an ocellus ; the first, third and fourth are of the same size and the second and fifth are almost ohsolete. The ocelli in androiuacha vary in size and are twice as large as in crcola. There is no white on crcola below, which is so conspicuous in andromacha. If one compares Dr. Holland's figure of crcola with the figure of andromacha ( as portlandia ) in Boisduval and Leconte, the differences will be readily seen. What their relationship is, time, study and plenty of material will deter- mine. ^^H *** A Short List of Scutelleroidea Collected in New Mexico in 1916. By GEO W. BARBER, Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, Bureau of Ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture. During the summer of 1916 at a field station located at Max- well, New Mexico, the writer was engaged in a study of a Pentatomid (Chlorochrou sayi Stal) injurious to the immature heads of grain. Several species of Scutelleroidea were collected from May to September of that year and the following list of these captures is offered here in the interest of geographical distribution. Maxwell, Colfax County, New Mexico, lies in the north- eastern corner of the state on the Santa Fe railroad, about 20 miles from the Colorado line. The immediate country is a rolling plateau, the elevation of Maxwell being 6,078 feet ac- cording to Gannett's Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (1890, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 160). This plateau is bounded by mountains on the north, east and west, but is open towards the south. On the west Culebra range lies, some 30 miles distant while the Raton range lies about 10 miles to the east and borders the plateau on the north. At Maxwell, a small irrigation project supported a population of a few hundred people in 1916, the principal crops being alfalfa, sugar beets, beans and so forth. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Feb., '26 Several years ago Mr. Otto Heidemann determined several of the species listed, while Prof. E. P. Van Duzee has more recently named several others. A list of the species collected during 1916 follows : Homaemus parvulus ( Germ, i VIII 18; IX 18, 30. Amncstns pusillus Uhl. IX 2. Rhytldolouiia vlridicata ( Walk. ) V 28. Rhytidolomia faccta (Say) V 19. Chlorochroa ligata (Say) V 22 IX 16. Chlorochroa sayi Stal Throughout season. Carpocoris reuwtus Horv. VII 14. Aelia aincricaiia Dall. V 25. Thyanta cnstator (Fabr.) Throughout season. Thyanta rugnlosa (Say) V 18. Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) V 19. Perillus biocitlatus (Fabr.) V 28. Perillus virgatus Dist. V 22; VI 14. Apateticns marginiventris (Stal) VII 21. Podisus acntissiimis Stal \'1TI 7. Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United States and Canada. (Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part II. By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, Arnherst, Massachusetts. In the present paper a few of the more interesting novelties that have recently come to hand are described. These were included in extensive collections submitted by Professor Rogers and Mr. Curran, and smaller lots received from Dr. Crampton, Mr. Lacroix and Mr. Shannon. The very interesting Hc.ra- toma was included in the extensive collections of the Vienna Museum, kindly sent to me for study by Dr. Zernv in 1921. j j j j The fly was described at that time, but the diagnosis withheld from press in the hope that more material would be forthcom- ing in some one or another of the extensive collections of North American Tipulidae now being studied. No further material has come to hand, however, and it seems best to describe the species without further delay. My sincere thanks are extended to all of the gentlemen mentioned for their kind co-operation in makincr known this still insufficiently-known fauna. Where XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 not mentioned to the contrary, the types are preserved in tin- writer's collection. Dicranomyia rogersiana sp. n. General coloration shiny brown and yellow; antennae brown- ish black throughout ; head gray, the center of the vertex black ; mesonotal praescutum with three broad darker stripes; win-s with a faint brownish tinge, stigma oval, darker brown ; Sc long, Sci and Sc- 2 subequal ; cell 1st M>> closed; male hypopy- gium with a single dististyle that is narrowed at apex into a .slender finger-like lobe. c? Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.8 mm. $ Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae brownish black throughout, the flagellar segments short-oval, becoming more elongate outwardly, the verticils longer than the segments. Head dark gray, the center of the vortex black. Pronotum dark brown above, paler laterally. Mesonotal praescutum shiny yellow with three broad shiny brown stripes, the median one broad, more widened posteriorly ; lateral stripes widely separated from the median one, occupying the lateral margin of the praescutum and not confluent with the scutal vittae ; remainder of mesonotum shiny light brown. Pleura dark brown. In the type male, the colors are much paler and the specimen is presumably teneral. Halteres short, yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish testaceous: femora dark brown, the bases paler ; tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Wings -with a very faint brownish tinge, the oval stigma darker brown ; veins dark brown. Macrotrichiae of veins rela- tively long and conspicuous. Venation : Sc long, ending op- posite two-thirds the length of Rs (?) to four-fifths this dis- tance (J 1 ) Sc-2 at tip of Sci, Rs arcuated to slightly angulated at origin; r at tip of R] , provided with macrotrichiae, the tip of RI pale and subobsolete ; cell 1st M ^ large, short-rectangular, about one-half longer than vein J/ 4 beyond it; in-cit close to fork of M. In the female. //; is longer and arcuated. Abdomen dark brown, the ninth segment of male more yel- lowish ; hypopygiuni dark. .Male hypopygium with the basis- tyles elongate, with a simple lobe near base of the ventro-mesal aspect. A single dististyle, this broad on basal two-thirds, the apical third suddenly prolonged into a slender, finger-like lobe; outer face of style with a few long powerful setae, the 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26 lower or cephalic face with more abundant microscopic setulae. Ovipositor with the tergal valves slender, acute at tips, gently upcurved. Habitat. Georgia, Florida. Holotype : <$, Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, May 30, 1924 (/. S. Rogers') ; Col- lector's No. 156. Allotype: ?, 2 miles north of Vienna, Dooley County, Georgia, June 1, 1923, at light (J. S. Rogers). This interesting crane-fly is named in honor of my friend, Professor J. Speed Rogers. Of the described Nearctic species the fly may be confused only with D. ghbithora.r Osten Sacken, from which it differs in the normal structure of the mesonotum, the venation, and structure of the male hypopygium. The type is preserved in the writer's collection, the allotype returned to Professor Roers. Dicranomyia lacroixi sp. n. General coloration brownish ochreous. the praescutum with three conspicuous dark brown stripes ; pleura uniformly och- reous : antennae black throughout: winrs narrow, cell 1st M-> closed ; male hypopygium with a single dististyle. this produced into an elongate powerful rostrum bearing a single small spine nepr midlength. c? Length about 6 mm. ; wins: 6.9 mm. Rostrum brownish vellow, the palpi black. Antennae black throughout, the flagellar segments oval with short verticils. Head dark gray, the anterior vertex more infuscated, the occi- put paling into brownish ochreous : anterior vertex about one- half wider than the diameter of the basal scapal segment. Pronotum brownish ochreous with a broad, dark brown, dorsal stripe. Mesonotum brownish ochreous the praescutum with three conspicuous dark brown stripes, the short lateral strines crossing the suture and including the scutal lobes ; re- mainder of mesonotum dark-colored, pruinose. Pleura uni- formly brownish ochreous, this color likewise including the postnotal pleurotergite. Halteres relatively short, dark brown, the extreme base of stem yellowish. Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow; re- mainder of legs elongate, dark brown, the femoral bases paler. Wings long and narrow, tinged with yellowish ; a vague dusky seam along vein Cu^ and the anal angle strongly infus- cated ; veins of the costal region yellowish, the distal arid posterior veins darker. Venation : Sc-^ ending about opposite XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 one-fifth the length of Rs, Sc 2 not evident ; Rs gently arcuated,- about one-half longer than the basal section of ^4+5 which is almost in alignment ; r faint, at extreme tip of RI ; cell 1st M 2 closed, rectangular, approximately equal in length to the veins beyond it ; transverse elements closing cell 1st KI^ very pale ; m-cn at fork of M. Abdomen brown, the sternites paler. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite deeply notched medially, each lateral lobe rounded and with about a dozen powerful elongate setae, with additional smaller ones. Basistyles relatively small, the mesa! lobe slender, the setae on its cephalic face longer. A single developed dististyle, this a* small fleshy lobe that is provided with long setae, the mesal face produced mesad into a long, gently curved rostrum with a single, gently curved spine near midlength of caudal margin ; apex of rostrum with a few small setae. Gonapophyses with the mesal lobe long and slender, the tip subacute. Habitat. Massachusetts. Holotypc: <$, Rochester, Ply- mouth County, on cranberry bog, July 9, 1924 (D. S. Lacroix). Dicranomyia lacroi.vi is named in honor of the collector of the type-specimen, Mr. Donald Lacroix. The species is very isolated although bearing a superficial resemblance to D. longi- pcnnis (Schummel), to which species it would run by the author's key to the Eastern species of Dicranomyia (Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 25: 894-895; 1919). The fly is readily distinguished by the diagnostic characters indicated above. Dicranomyia cramptoni sp. n. General coloration dark brown, the pleura yellowish gray pruinose ; antennae black throughout ; rostrum dark ; halteres short, the knobs inf uscated ; wings tinged with gray, the stigma brown ; Sc 1 long, ending opposite or just beyond the origin of Rs: male hypopygium large and very complicated in structure. <$. Length 5.5-5.8 mm. ; wing 6-6.5 mm. ?. Length about 6.5-7 mm. ; wing about 6.2 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black'. Antennae black through- out, the flagellar segments oval. Head gray, the anterior vertex about twice as wide as the diameter of scape. Pronotum dark brown. Mesmmtum dark brown, the prae- scutum laterally with a sparse yellow pollen, the median stripe remaining shiny, scutellum dark brown with an obscure yellow basal median spot ; postnotum dark brown, gray pruinose. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26 Pleura dark brown, heavily yellowish gray pruinose. Halteres relatively short, obscure yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow ; femora light brown, the bases extensively more yellowish, the tips nar- rowly dark brown ; tibiae brown, the tips somewhat darker, tarsi brownish black. Wings with a faint grayish tinge; stigma small, circular, brown, veins dark brown. Venation : Sc-[ ending opposite or slightly beyond the origin of Rs, 5Y 2 some distance from its tip, Sci alone about equal to or longer than in- en ; vein RI curved toward ^2+3 at the stigma, the tip pale and subobso- lete ; Rs arcuated, about twice the basal deflection of /?4 + .-> ; cell 1st A/o closed, rectangular, shorter than any of the veins beyond it ; in-cn at or before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites obscure brown- ish yellow ; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium very large and complicated in structure. Ninth tergite with a stout lobe at each caudo-lateral angle, each of these provided with two tufts of stout vellow setae, the space between the lobes extensive, broadly U-shaped. Basistyle stout, the ventro-mesal lobe large and complicated, with a duskv, more basal, cylindrical lobule terminating in a brush of yellow setae ; apex of lobe broadly expanded into a flattened pale blade that is further split into three conspicuous divisions, the margins of which are conspi- cuously fringed with setae. At the base of the ventral dististyle, on ventral side, a powerful, terete, boomerang-shaped structure, pale in color, directed ventrad and caudad. Ventral dististyle large and fleshy, the usual rostriform structure here greatly complicated by supernumerary outgrowths, including a long, pale tail-like blade near the usual two spines ; apex of rostrum expanded into two flattened, divergent blades, the more basal of which is densely set with setae and short spinulae. Dorsal dististyle strongly curved, the tip .suddenly narrowed to an acute point. Ovipositer with the tergal valves relatively small and slender, gently upcurved, projecting very slightly beyond the level of the stout, straight sternal valves. Habitat. Massachusetts. J-lolotyfe: d. Fish-hatchery, near Sunderland, Franklin County, altitude 200 feet, October 16, 1924 (C. P. Alexander). Allotofotype, 9. Paratopotvpes, 3 al- coholic c?cT, October 15, 1924 (G. C. Crampon); 3 <$<$'. 3 $?. with the type (C. P. Alexander). Dicranomyia eraniptoni is named in honor of Dr. G. C. Crampton, who collected the first-discovered specimens. The XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS 49 fiies were swept from small patches of Jnnciis in a single res- tricted locality. The fly is very different from any known to the writer. The structure of the male hypopygium is exceed- ingly complicated by outgrowths that involve not only the basis- tyles but even more strikingly the rostral region of the ventral dististyle. The hypopygium is more complicated in structure than in either of the Palaearctic species, D. ni-agnicanda Lund- strom (Northern Europe) or D. inc^dcanda Alexander (Northern Japan"). Hexatoma microcera sp. n. General coloration gray pruinose ; antennae of male short, if bent backward barely attaining the wing-root; praescutum with three blackish stripes ; legs comparatively short and stout ; wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with brown; r on ^0+3 near the fork. c?. Length 5.8-6.5 mm. ; wing 7.1-8 mm. Rostrum short, brown, pruinose; palpi dark brown. Anten- nae relatively short, if bent backward barely attaining the wing- root, dark brown ; seven antennal segments, the terminal one microscopic ; first flagellar segment about equal to the follov. ing two taken together ; flagellar segments 2, 3 and 4 gradually shortened. Head dark brown, the orbits narrowly light gray pruinose, the low vertical tubercle likewise pruinose. Mesonotum light gray, the praescutum with three blackish stripes; scutum gray, the centers of the lobes blackish; scutel- lum and postnotum gray pruinose. Pleura dark brown, pruin- ose, the dorsopleural membrane dark brown. Thorax clothed with moderately long erect white setae. Halteres pale, the knobs infuscatecl. Legs comparatively short and stout ; coxae gray pruinose ; femora reddish brown, the tips passing into black ; tibiae and basitarsi similar, their tips narrowly darkened ; remainder of tarsi dark brown. Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with brown in cells C and Sc, along Rs and the radial veins and along the cord ; veins dark- brown. Venation: Sc~i ending immediately before the fork of Rs, Sc 2 some distance from its tip, Sc-[ alone about equal to r-;//; r on T^o-j-^ a little more than its own length before the fork; cell R> 2 larger than cell 2nd RI ; veins ^/iH-^, A/ 4 and Ciii subevanescent at tips ; m-cu at or just before the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown, provided with erect white setae. 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\v.s [Feb., '26 Habitat. North America, without exact data. Plolotypc, d 1 , Labelled "Smiths, Amer. bor., 1867." Paratopotypcs, 2 dtf. Type in the collection of the Vienna Museum. Compared with He.vatoina megacera (Osten Sacken), the present species is seen to bq a large light gray fly with heavier body and stouter legs. The short antennae contrast strikingly with the condition found in megacera where the organ is longer than the entire body. The fly is more closely allied to the larger H. burmeisteri (Loew) of Europe but is distinct from any of the numerous European species. It is unfortunate that the exact locality is in doubt since the species is of more than ordinary interest. Dr. Zerny suggests that the "Smiths" of the locality label may refer to the collector (as Smithson) rather than to any locality. Dicranota currani sp. n. d 1 . Length about 5 mm. ; wing 7-7.3 mm. Closely related to D. divaricata Alexander, from which it differs as follows : Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with three very con- spicuous dark brown stripes, the broad median stripe entire except near the suture. Legs stouter, especially the middle legs, brownish black with the exception of the restricted femoral bases. Abdomen uniformly dark brown, including the hypo- pygium. Male hypopygium with the ventral interbase a long flattened blade, the apex subacute to acute, the mesal or inner edge nearly straight, the lateral or outer edge gently curved to the apex. Lateral arms of gonapophyses much broader and stouter than in D. divaricata. Habitat. Ontario, Quebec. Holotypc: d 1 , Ottawa, Ontario, May 9, 1923 (C. H. Cnrran). Allotype, 9, Hull, Quebec, May 9, 1924 (C. H. Cnrran). Paratopotypes, 8 | ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\Vs K. J. Miscellaneous notes from Argentina. 21, 151-4 (cont. ). Hunter, W. D. Obituary.-- 12. xviii. 844-8. Keler, S. Ein versuch der amvendung mathcmatischer methoden auf die entomologische systematik. 70, iv. 14'^- 96. Kiefer, O. Jugend und entomologic. 14, xxxix. 125-n. Richardson, R. E. Illinois River bottom fauna in 1923. 143, xv, 391-422. Schuster, W. Blaul)lindlK-it der vogel und blaue schmetterlinge und kaefer. 18, xix, 241-2. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Clare, M. R. Study of oxygen metabolism in Dros. melano- gaster. 101, xlix, 440-60. Grandori, R. Studi sulla blasto- cinesi degl insetti. Rend. Atti, R. Ace. Xaz. Lincei, 1925. ii. 449-55. Pruthi, H. S. Moulting of insects. Nature. cxvi, 938. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Brazil e Vellard. Contribuicao ao estudo do veneno das aranhas. Mem. Inst. de Butantan, Sao Paulo, ii, 5-78. Ewing, H. E. Sulphur-impregnated clothing to protect against chiggers. -12, xviii. 827-9. (N) Mueller, A. Zur kenntnis der jugendformen einiger Opilioniden. Senckenbergiana, vii, 210-24. (S) *Mello-Leito. Pequenas notas arachnologicas. Bol. Mus. Xac., Rio de Janeiro, i, 455-63. *Vellard, J. Urn novo genero e duas especies novas de aranha do estado de S. Paulo. Mem. Inst. de Butantan, Sao Paulo, ii, 79-84. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. ibionids so closely with the Anisopodidae, and the Myceto- philicls intergrade with the Anisopodidae so markedly, that there can be no doubt that the Bibionids and the Mycetophilids (with the Ttonidids ) were descended from Anisopodid-likc an- cestors ; and I would unhesitatingly group together the Bibion- ids, Mycetophilids and Itonids in a single assemblage to which the superfamily designation Bibionoidea might be applied.* The only question in the matter is where to place the Tricho' ceridae, which are like the ancestors of the Anisopodids. The Anisopodids themselves are undoubtedly "Mycetophiloid" in character (i. e., should be grouped among the Bibionoidea) but the Trichocerids have remained so like certain Limnophiline Tipuloidea in many respects, that it is extremely difficult to decide whether to place them with the Bibionoidea. next to the Anisopodidae, or to leave them with the Tipuloidea. As Dr. Alexander points out, the amphipneustic, eucephalous larvae of the Trichoceridae are remarkably like those of the Anisopo- dids, and they differ from the typical Tipuloid larvae, while the adult Trichocerids have ocelli, which are lacking in the Tipu- loids and the typical Tipuloid "Y-shaped" suture is practically wanting in them. Dr. Alexander, however, is inclined to regard the Trichocerids as true Tipuloidea, and the opinion of such an authority on the group Tipuloidea is worthy of the utmost consideration. My own inclination would be to group the Trichoceridae with the Anisopodidae in the superfamily * There is considerable need of a group intermediate in rank between a superfamily and a suborder, to contain the superfamilies Mvcetophiloidea and Bibionoidea, since these superfamilies, although extremely closely related, are neverthe- less quite distinct. Since there is no such group of which I have any knowledge, T have "lumped" the suoerfamilies Mycetophiloidea and ISibionoidea into a single unwieldy "super- family'' Bibionoidea (scusn hita'} in order to express the close relationship between the tw r o. xxxvii, '2<>\ ENTO.\IOI.O<;H-.\L XKWS 69 Bibionoidea, and in any case, I would place the Anisopodidae in the superfamily Bibionoidea, irrespective of the Trichoceridae, leaving the ultimate disposition of the Trichocerids to be finally determined when a wider knowledge of the types con- necting them with their nearest relatives has been gained. The Simuliids, Thaumaleids (Orphnephilicls), Chironomids, Dixids and Culicids could readily be grouped in a single assemblage or superfamily, the Culicoidea, whose line of devel- opment arose from the Anisopodid-like ancestors of the Bibionoidea, as is indicated in the diagram of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 12. The origin and affinities of the Blepharocerids are still a mystery, and the Blepharocerids form such an isolated group, that it is preferable to consider them as constituting a distinct superfamily, the Blepharoceroidea. It is extremely probable that the Blepharocerids arose from ancestors allied to the Ani- sopodid-like common ancestors of the Culicoids and Bibionoids. In brief, we may say that there were three main lines of development leading from ancestors like the Protodiptera, as is indicated in the "tree" shown in Figure 12. One of these 1'nes of development (with Macrochile at its base) leads to the Psychodoids ; another line (with Architipula at its base) leads to the Tipuloids; and a third line (with the Trichocerids at i:s base ) leads to the Anisopodid-like forms in the group Bibionoi- dea. The Culicoidea were apparently derived from Bibionoid forms, and the Blepharocerids were probably derived from a similar source. Since the Tipuloids and Psychodoids are the most primitive representatives of the Xematocera, they might be grouped to- gether in an assemblage to which the old designation Poly- neura, used in a new sense, might be applied or if confusion would arise from this peculiar usage, they might be called Protonematocera, since they are the most primitive of the Xematocera. The rest of the Nematocera (i. c., the Bibionoids, ( 'ulicoids and LUepharoceroids ) might then be designated by the old term Oligoneura, used in a new sense or if this un- accustomed usage of the term would give rise to confusion, they 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 might be called Eunematocera. This grouping, and the arrang- ing of the Nematocerous families in natural assemblages ex- pressing their phylogenetic development more accurately, seems preferable to the older arrangement which did not take into consideration the various interrelationships of the lines of descent of the Nematocerous families. The Entomological Observations of John Esqueme- ling, Buccaneer, on the Island of Hispaniola in 1666. By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The firm of George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., of London, has recently reprinted as one of their Broadivay Translations, the "Buccaneers of America, a true account of the most re- markable assaults committed of late years upon the coast of the West Indies by the buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French, wherein are contained more especially the unparalleled exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, our English Jamai- can hero, who sacked Porto Bello, burnt Panama, etc.," by John Esquemeling, "one of the Buccaneers who was present at these tragedies." In 1914, Esquemeling's account was published by Stokes under the title "Pirates of Panama or Buccaneers of America," edited and illustrated by G. A. Williams and very likely there have been other previous printings in this country, but the entomology in the account has remained in obscurity. According to Mr. William Swan Stallybrass, the editor of the first account mentioned in these notes, Esquemeling's narrative was written originally in Dutch and published in Amsterdam in 1678, under the title "De Americaenische Zeerovers." In 1681 a Spanish translation appeared under the title "Piratas de la America'' by Alonso de Buena-Maison, M.D., and this was fol- lowed by translations into other European languages. The Broadway Translation edition is a reprint of the first and second editions of the English translation printed in London in 1684. Nothing appears in the standard encyclopedias about John XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 Esquemeling, but in the "Dictionary of Universal Biography'' by Albert M. Hyamson ( 1916), Alex. Olivier Exquemelin angli- cized as John Esquemeling is listed as a Flemish traveler, sea- man and writer on travel (1645-1707). No mention is made of his activity as a pirate and one must turn to his book for a state- ment of his occupations and observations. The English trans- lator wrote as follows about him. "I take him to be a Dutchman, or at least born in Flanders, notwithstanding that the Spanish translation represents him to be a native of the kingdom of France his printing this history originally in Dutch, which doubtless must be his native tongue, who otherwise was but an illiterate man, together with the very sound of his name, con- vincing me thereunto." According to his own account, he sailed from Havre de Grace, Franee, in the service of the West India Company of France, on May 2, 1666 and reached Tortuga, a small island on the north side of Hispaniola or Haiti on July 7 of the same year. After a brief description, of some of the plants of this island and the quarrels between the French and the Spaniards for possession, Esquemeling tells how he was sold twice, once as a servant of the West India Company when they disposed of their holdings and again while sick, to a surgeon for 70 pieces- of -eight. Upon recovering he was given his liberty with the understanding that he was to pay his late master 100 pieces-of- eight when able to do so. Following this he joined "the wicked order of the Pirates, or Robbers at Sea" and continued with them until 1672. Previous to his recital dealing with their thieving and bloodthirsty activities, he describes some of the fruits, trees and animals found at Hispaniola and the follow- ing portion relating to insects is quoted on account of its general historic interest : "As to the insects which this island produces, I shall only take notice of three sorts of flies, which excessively torment all human bodies, but more especially such as never before, or but a little while, were acquainted with these countries. The first sort of these flies is as big as our common horse-flies in Europe. And these, darting themselves upon men's bodies, there stick 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I. Mar., '26 and suck their blood till they can no longer fly. Their impor- tunity obliges to make almost continual use of branches of trees f C5 wherewith to fan them away. The Spaniards in those parts call them mosquitos or gnats, but the French give them the name of marang nines. The second sort of these insects is no bigger than a grain of sand. These make no buzzing noise, as the preceding species does, for which reason it is less avoidable, as being able also through its smallness to penetrate the finest linen or cloth. The hunters are forced to anoint their faces with hog's-grease, thereby to defend themselves from the stings of these little animals. By night in their huts or cottages, they constantly for the same purpose burn the leaves of tobacco, without which smoke they were not able to rest. True it is that in the daytime they are not very troublesome, in case any wind be stirring, for this, though never so little, causes them to dissipate. The gnats of the third species exceed not the big- ness of a grain of mustard. The colour is red. These sting not at all, but do bite so sharply upon the flesh as to create little ulcers therein. Whence it often comes that the face swells and is rendered hideous to the view, through this inconvenience. These are chiefly troublesome by day, even from the beginning of the morning until sun-setting, after which time they take up their rest, and permit human bodies to do the same. The Spaniards gave these insects the name of rojados, and the French that of calarodcs.* "The insects which the Spaniards call cocliinillas, and the English glow-worms, are also to be found in these parts. They * With the approval of Mr. Weiss, his article has been submitted to Dr. F. M. Root, of the Department of Medical Zoology, The Johns Hopkins University, who has studied the blood-sucking flies of certain of the West Indies, in the hope that he might lie able to definitely identify Esquemeling's "three sorts of flies." Thanks to his kindness, the following is added from his letter, addressed to the editor : "I have delayed my answer to your letter for several days in order to get the opinion of mv former assistant, Dr. W. A. Hoffman, \\h" has just returned from Haiti, where he has been working' on the ento- mological side of a morbidity survey made by the International Health Board. His opinion is the same as my own, fortunately. We feel that the most probable identifications are as follows: "Esquemeling's 'first sort' of flies probably refers to true mosquitoes, perhaps especially to the coastal species Acdcx i(icini>rJiyiicliiix form XXXVJi, '20 1 KNTOMOI.UCICAI. NEWS 73 are very like unto such as we have in Europe, unless that they are somewhat bigger and longer than ours. They have two little specks on their heads, which by night give so much light that three or four of those animals, being together upon a tree, it is not discernible at a distance from a bright shining fire. I had on a certain time at once three of these cochinUlas in my cottage, which there continued until past midnight, shining so brightly that without any oilier light I could easily read in any book, although of never so small a print. I attempted to bring some of these insects into Europe when I came from those parts, but as soon as they came into a colder climate they died by the way. They lost also their shining upon the change of air, even before their death. This shining is so great, accord- ing to what I have related, that the Spaniards with great reason may well call them from their luminous quality inoscas dc fnci^o, that is to say fire-flies. "There be also in Hispaniola an excessive number of grilloncs or crickets. These are of extraordinary magnitude, if com- pared to ours, and so full of noise that they are ready to burst themselves with singing, if any person comes near them." a Notes on the Genus Parabombylius (Diptera). By REGINALD H. PAINTER, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The group to which the following species belong was first recorded when Coquillett referred the species syndesiiins and itcr to Rondani's genus Thlipsogastcr (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 21, p. 108). In 1899, Williston (Psyche, p. 331) showed that these species do not belong to this genus but left the question of their generic status in abeyance. In Biolo^ia Ccntral'- niijcr, which 'is often very abundant and troublesome. His 'second sort' are evidently Culicoides, of which f. fnrcns is the commonest coastal form throughout the Greater Antilles. The 'third species' is more difficult to identify, hut the day-biting habits would indicate some species of Sii/ni/jinn. and Ksqucmeling's statement that 'they sting not at all, but do bite so sharply upon the fk-sh as to create little ul therein' might be his way of expressing the- fact that the actual bite of Simulium is painless, but an ulcer-like lesion develops later." I ; K \ Mis M. 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 Americana (Diptera Suppl., p. 286) the same 'author rede- scribed Bombylins albopenicillatus Bigot and referred this species and a new one (dolorosus) to this same group. 'In 1907 (N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., p. 1) he erected the genus Parabombylins for these four species with atcr Coq. as geno- type. This genus is separated from Bombyliits by having cell R5 narrowly open or closed in the margin of the wings, and by having- a conspicuous patch of silvery scales between the base of the antennae and the eyes. All the species have several short, thin spines or bristles on the third joint of the antennae, which spines are lacking in most of the species of Bombylius known to me. They are present however in fulvibasis Macq., validns Lw., and possibly lancifer O. S. The species of Para- bombylius are all small and the sexes often differ, sometimes quite remarkably. Notes concerning a considerable extension of the known range of some of the species are given here, also descriptions of four new species. I am indebted to Prof. Jas. S. Hine and Mr. R. C. Shannon for loan of material. Also to Dr. Aldrich of the U. S. National Museum for a loan of cotypes of P. atcr and syndcsmits and other material for study. Key to Species. 1. Ground color of tip of male abdomen and entire abdomen of female yellow syndesmus Coq. Ground color of abdomen entirely black or very dark brown 2 2. Entire pile and tomentum of clorsum of abdomen and thorax unicolorous, orange or dark yellow atcr Coq. Pile and tomentum of clorsum of thorax or abdomen partly white or black 3 3. Pile and tomentum of dorsum of thorax and abdomen with no black intermixed subflai'its n. sp. Some black intermixed with pile and tomentum 4 4. Light colored pile of dorsum of thorax and abdomen partly white or yellow 5 Light colored pile of dorsum of thorax and abdomen reddish orange or wanting 6 5. A stripe of short white pile above the base of the wing to the humerus .7 XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS No such stripe present . . . . albopenicttlatus Hi got 6. No orange pile on abdomen dolorosiis Will Orange pile and tomentum present on abdomen pnlclier n. sp. 7. Pile on face longer than first joint of antenna and on an- tennae also long, no patch of white scales on occiput. irittatus n. sp. Pile on face shorter than first joint of antennae and on antennae short, a patch of white scales on occiput. inacnlosns n. sp. Parabombylius ater ( Coq. ) Two females and one male taken at Brownwood, Texas ; September 11 to 16 on Broomweed (Gutierrezia te.rana). Two females and ten males taken near Abilene, Texas, Septem- ber 14. These latter were all taken in in a patch of Broom- weed less than four feet square. They seemed to be continually coming out of the center of the patch. Mr. Frank M. Hull has collected a number of specimens of this species near A. & M. College, Miss. They were hovering over hot red sand. There are also several specimens in the Ohio State University Collection from Vinton, Ohio, in June. Most of the specimens I have seen have a bright orange-colored pile instead of yellow as is the type. The exact shade of the specimens in the series is variable, however. The females are like the males except that there is less black pile on the venter. Parabombylius albopenicillatus ( Bigot) One male taken April 30, on the west face of Alt. Barker, near Austin, Texas. It differs from the description in having a scattering of orange tomentum on the dorsum of abdomen and scutellum, and a few long yellow hairs among the black below the antennae. In my specimen there is a patch of yellow tomentum on either side between the characteristic white patch of the genus and the antennae. There are two females in the collection of Mr. R. C. Shannon which agree with the description of this species. They are from Alto Pass, Illinois, July 29. All previous records are from Mexico. Parabombylius dolorosus (Will.) One female taken on Shoal Creek m-ar JSth Slivet. Austin, 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I Mar., '26 Texas. March 31, hovering over some water plants, may per- haps not be this species, although it differs only slightly. It lacks the white tomentnm. as apparently did some of Williston's specimens : there are also no spots of tomentum on the sides of the abdomen, but those on the center, tho small, are strik- ingly prominent on the black background. These, with the orange-red tomentum on the scutellum, give this specimen a very characteristic appearance. Parabombylius pulcher n. sp. . Ground color opaque black, pleurae grayish, face with long black hairs and shorter, shining" orange ones. Front orange! tomentose with scattered, long, black hairs, more abundant on the ocellar tubercle. Occiput with bushy orange pile. Antennae black, first joint with long spiny hairs and with a few orange scales on the outside, second joint one half as long as the first, with shorter spines ; third about equal to first two together, fusiform and slender, a scattered group of short spines towards its distal end. At the end of the third joint are three annuli, the last of which is light yellow. Meso- notum and scutellum with long black hair and scattered orange- red tomentum ; mixed orange and black hair above the wings and on the pleurae, shorter and mostly orange below. Ab- domen with scattered orange-red tomentum and long black hairs. Two small, but conspicuous, spots of yellow scales at the apex of the first segment, in the center 'below the tip of the scutellum ; a patch of orange-red, stiff hairs on the sides of the first segment and on the dorsum of this segment for about one-fourth of the way across from each side ; second and third segments with similar patches of hairs, but black on the basal half; fourth segment with shorter but similar hairs. \ T enter orange tomentose with long- black hairs. Legs yellow, bases and under part of femora dark brown ; spines black ; underside of front femora with scattered, long, black hairs : the last joints of the tarsi dark brown ; legs covered with yellow and black scales. Wings hyaline, basal half of cell R and cell C f umose, the former ending in a darker spot. Length 6 mm. Holotype female collected at Austin, Texas, May 17, 1924. in my own collection. Parabombylius subflavus n. sp. c?. Ground color black, venter somewhat gravish ; face with XXXV11, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 long- hairs, dark yellow on the lower part, brown and black above ; a tuft of long black hairs above the ocellar tubercle. Occiput yellow pilose, a patch of silvery white scales opposite each humeral angle of the thorax. Antennae black, first two joints with long, stiff hairs, a few, short, scattered spines toward the end of the third; third joint about equal to the first two together, fusiform and slender with a distinct constriction near its base. At the end of the third joint are three annuli the last of which is light yellow. Most of the thorax and abdomen covered with whitish yellow pile. A patch of silvery scales in the center of abdominal segments, 2. 3, 4,, 5 and 6; a tuft of blackish pile on the sides of segment 2; the pile at the bases of segments 3, 4 and 5 is more white than at the apex. On the venter there are a few, long, black hairs toward the apex ; the pile on the coxae is mixed black and yellow. Legs yellow, coxae, tarsi, basal half of four front femora, basal fourth of hind femora, and tips of tarsi dark brown. Spines black, most of scales on legs yellow. Wings hyaline. Length 5.5 mm. Holot\pe male, from Wilcox, Ariz., August 1 (A. K. Fisher), in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Parabombylius vittatus n. sp. ?. Ground color black, face, front, and first joint of anten- nae with long, stiff, black pile. Front with appressed, orange- red, curly tomentum ; occiput with orange-red tomentum, lighter below. Third joint of antennae longer than first two together, broader than either : second and third with short bristles: three annuli -is in the other species. Thorax and scutellum orange-red tomentose and sparsely black pilose. A stripe of short white pile from the humeri to the bases of the wings is continued as a yellow stripe above the bases of the wings ; two patches of similar white pile just back of the .-nicies of the eyes on the mesonotum, a third in the middle i'ist in front of the scutfllum. Abdomen (greasy) is largely black tomentose, orange-red tomentose towards the apex with scattered, very long, black hairs here and on the scutellum. The pile on each side of the first segment is yellow, with repressed, white tomentum at the apex: similar tomentum occurs on the sides of the dorr. Ent., Haust., Ill, 67), which takes as synonym serrata B. & McD. (1913, Cohtr. N. H. Lep. N. A., II, (4), 169.). A. flava and its synonyms should be intercalated on our lists so that fiinbriago may be given its correct status. Anomis erosa tingescens Dyar. 1913, Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menst., I, 103, Cosnwphila. 1924, Tarns, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., (1924), p. 22, crosa, Cosriwphila. Described from two females, Santiago, Cuba, ( W. Schaus ) . Mr. Tarns sinks the name as a synonym of erosa Hbn., thus adding it to our lists. Examination of Dr. Dyars types in connection with the U, S. N. M. neotropical material indicates that they represent at least a valid race. We know of no specimens from the United States so the name should not be added to our lists. Anomis texana Riley. 1885, Riley, 4th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 350; Notes, p. 120; biol., (pi. II, ff. 4-5-6), Anomis. fuscostigma Ckll. 1885, Riley, 4th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 350; Notes, p. 120; biol., (pi. II, f. 6 as exacta], Anomis. 1889, Cockerell, The Entomologist, (1889), p. 4, 'texana a, Anomis. form albostigma Ckll. 1885, Riley, 4th Rept. U. S. Ent. omm.. p. 350; Notes, p. 120; biol., (p. IT, f. 6a as exacta var) ; texana, Anomis. 1889, Cockerell, The Entomologist, (1889) p. 4, texana b, Anomis. Prof essor Cockerell applied the names fwsc&stigma and albostigma to the figures of Riley. Riley 's notes (p. 120), indicate that when he gave the name texana to exacta Auct. Riley nee. llbn., that he considered the form with the dark XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 stigma typical of his species We therefore suggest the restric- tion of the name tc.vana to forms similar to Riley's fig. 6, which will cause the name fuscostigma to fall into the synonymy. The name albostigma mav be saved for the form with the white reniform. Dr. Schaus has kindly supplied us with a specimen from Mexico similar to typical tc.vana. Anomis editrix Gn. 1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen.. 41, Noct., II, 404, Gonitis. 1913, Dyar. Ins. Insc. Menst., I, 4. cdetri.v ( !), Gonitis. Described from Haiti. We possess a single specimen from St. Petersburg, Florida, December, which was sent to Dr. Schaus and by him deter- mined as cditriv. The record is presumably authentic. We might add that the Barnes Collection possesses two speci- mens of another species of Anomis labeled "Chokoloskee, Florida," but these may be dealers' material and we will not add another name to the lists because of uncertainty as to the authenticity of the labels. Changes of Address. C. F. Adams, 5014 East 7-Street, Kansas City. E. O. Essig, 201 Agriculture Hall, Univ. California, Berke- ley, California. P. W. Fattig, 312 Randolph Street, Farmville, Virginia. S. W. Frost, Research Lab., State College, Arndtsville, Pennsylvania. Louise Knobel, East 3-Street, Hope, Arkansas. Josef X. Knull. 1120 X. 17-Street, Harrisburg, Pennsyl- vania. August E. Miller, 1004 Garridd Ave.. rrbana. Illinois. Ik-nnet A. Porter, 2 East Locust Street. Vincennes, Indiana. fornia. P. H. Timberlake, Citrus Expt-r. Station, Riverside-, Cali- Owen Bryant, Banff, Alberta. Canada. R. A. Leussler, 115 So. 52-Street. Omaha. Xebraska. I.. G. Centner, 225 liailey St., East Lansing, Michigan. Prof. L. Brunei-, 3033 Deakin St.. I'.crkdrv, California. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1926. Proof-reading and the News. For at least a decade, the second page of the cover of the NEWS has borne the announcement: "Proof will be sent to authors only when specially requested." This notice was orig- inally inserted in the interest of more prompt publication, with the idea of saving time which might be lost in the mails, or in non-receipt of proof by authors away from their offices or resi- dences. It appears that this notice has given rise, in some quar- ters at least, to the impression that the NEWS is disinclined to allow authors the opportunity of looking over proofs of their articles. We wish to dissipate this idea. We shall gladly send proof to every contributor who desires it, and who will mark his MS. to this effect when sending it in, or who will notify us of his wish on receiving from us the acceptance of his paper for publication. If delays occur in receipt by us of corrected proof, such delays will mean nothing more than the possible postponement of the article in question to a later number of the NEWS. Notes and Ne\vs. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE An Early Record of a Commercial Entomologist. In "The Unfortunate Traveller or the Life of Jacke Wil- ton," by Thomas Nashe, printed in London in 1594, Jack Wilton, the clever rogue of the tale, tells about his visit to Rome in part as follows: "There was a poore fellowe during my remainder there, that for a newe tricke that hee had inuented of killing Cymescs and scorpions, had his montebanke banner hung vp on a high pillar, with an inscription about it longer than the king of Spaines stile. I thought these Cymesses lyke the Cimbrians, hadde beene some straunge Na- tion hee hadde brought vnder, and they were no more but thinges lyke sheepe-lice, which aliue haue the most venimous sting that maye bee, and beeing dead, doe stinke out of meas- ure, Saint Austen compareth heretikes vnto them." In a later edition, the word "sheepe-lice" was replaced by "lice." Thomas Nashe, who has been called the founder of the his- torical novel, was born in 1567, at Lowestoft, but nothing ap- 82 XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83 pears to be known about where and when he died. According to H. F. PJ. Brett-Smith, editor of a recent reprint of "The I'nfortunate Traveller 1 ," it is doubtful if Xashe had ever been out of England, but it is probable that he talked with travellers or obtained suggestions from his readings. In view of this there may or may not be a trace of fact in the statement quoted above. However this is unimportant and does not detract from the drollness of the account. HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Lepidoptera Added to the British Museum. \\Y note from The Entomologist that the collection of Hes- periidae formed at the Hill Museum. \Vitley. which amounted to more than 30,000 specimens, and included many types has been presented to the National Collection in the I'ritish Mu- seum. Prior to this, during 1922, Mr. Joicey also handed over to the same collection the whole of his collections of the follow- ing families of moths: Notodontidae, Lasiocampidae, Limaco- didae, Epiplemidae, Thyatiridae, Callidulidae, Drepanidae. Cos- sidae, Bombycidae, Megalopygidae, Uraniidae, Psychidae. Thy- rididae and Arbelidae, consisting of 29,717 specimens, upwards of 300 types. An exchange of his collection of A grins with the Castniidae in Madame Fournier's collection was made. Ants as Vermin-Exterminators. \Ve read in the Entomologist's Record that in Northern Siberia there are immense areas of forests which are in- habited only by a few wandering- Tungus, nomads, depend- ing entirely upon the chase for their existence. They have a strange intolerance of vermin, a characteristic that may well be copied by many civilized peoples. They object to the presence of various parasitic insects in their primiti\e abodes, and have an original way of getting rid of them. About the end of September they collect an ants' nest and bring it into their huts. The ants quickly exterminate the vermin, and the intense winter frosts then soon cause the ants to disappear, so that these practical myrmecologists can enjoy the warmth of their primitive home> in peace. Butterfly Show in Los Angeles, California. The Fifth Annual Butterfly Show of the Lor<|tiiii \atural History Club of the Southwest Museum will be held during the month of February, 1926. The number of specimens to be exhibited is estimated at 11,000. loaned by fifteen members. There will be displays of local (California) material, Unfortunate Traveller by Thomas Xaslu, 'I In IVrcy Kc- prints, No. 1, Oxford, Basil Blackvvell, 1920. 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 collections of West Coast butterflies, exhibits of Exotic butter- flies and displays of articles manufactured by commercial con- cerns.' A large showing- of aberrant butterflies of the West Coast will be one of the many attractions. Collections of moths will be shown, exotics, and also an espe- cially fine collection of American Noctuidae. The prizes will be in ribbon form, and there will be nine awards, the highest award being for the discovery of new spe- cies. CHARLES IXGHAM, Secretary. Hoplothrips major (Hood), a Correction ( Thysanoptera) In the papers referred to below, Hoplothrips major (Hood) should replace Trichothrips itlini (Fab.). Trichotkvips *uhni ( Fab. ) in New Jersey ( Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVIII, No. 3, pp. 94-97, 1923). Additional notes on Fungous Insects ( Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. 34, 1921, p. 170). This correction is necessary in view of a recent letter from Dr. L. O. Howard ( to whom specimens had been sent for identification) enclosing a communication from Prof. J. D. Hood (to whom they had been forwarded). Prof. Hood states that the species has likely been described from some other country. He has specimens collected in Japan and is inclined to believe that the species is the one described in 1840 as Thrips fungi Zetterstedt in Ins. Lapponica, p. 312. However, in the absence of authentic specimens of that species, Prof. Hood thinks that it would be best to call it Hoplothrips major (Hood), 1914. According to his letter it is very common in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Connecticut and appears to have been introduced into America. The two papers listed above deal with its common occurrence in fungi and under rotten bark in New Jersey. HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Coleoptera from Nevada and Arizona. Mr. Morgan Hebard and Mr. James A. G. Rehn are most indefatigable collectors. While their search is chiefly for Orthoptera, many interesting species of other orders have been added to the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia through their efforts. The Hebard-Rehn Expedition of 1924, visiting little known areas in central Nevada and southern Arizona, was no exception in this re- spect. As a result of that two months' trip the Academy is richer by three hundred seventy-one (371) specimens of Cole- optera alone. Among the more interesting species have been added : Cratoccra capitata Chd., Lytta coopcri Lee., Elcodes wickhami XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85 Horn, Embaphion clon^uluin Horn, .luiniodonus ^ranosns Fall, Cymatodcra couuuis \Yolc., Estlu'supiis parcus Horn, Acmaeodera cuprina Spin, (a bright green form, not cotypVal with Jalapa specimens;, .IciiHieodera opacnla Lee., .Icuniro'/cni alicia Fall, Afctuleptns fcinonihts Schff., Cross/ Jius atcr I.cc. (a red variety which may he new), Conotruchelus arizonicus Schff., Agrilus cupreomaculatus Duges. -l^i-ilus cnprcoiiHicnhitits Duges was taken in the l!aho<|u:- vari Mountains, southern Arizona, and is the first record of this species occurring north of the Mexican liorder; the type was described from Tupataro ; there is one example of this beautiful species labeled Tepic in the United States National Museum. FRANK R. MASON, Philadelphia, Penna. On the New Arachnid Genus Tijuca, Mello-Leitao. There has just come to my hands the May, 1925, number of the Bolethn do MHSCU National do Rio dc Janeiro ( \'ol. 1, Xo. 6), in which I am surprised to find a new genus of spiders of the family Zodariidae described by Dr. Mello-Leitao under tin- name Tijuca ( p. 461 ). Tijnca, the aboriginal name of the high- est peak in the immediate vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, does pos- sess a certain romantic significance, but it is not available for a lowly spider because Lesson (Ccnturic Zoologiqitc, p. 30, pi. 6, 1830) appropriated it nearly a hundred years ago for a remark- ably beautiful bird that was discovered in the same region. As I have had nothing to do with either the discovery or the diag- nosis of the new spider, it is not my place to propose another generic name for it. That should be done, and done immedi- ately, by Dr. Mello-Leitao, before the confusion has a chance to spread. ERNEST G. HOLT, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSOX, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of ins- however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be record' u The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in tin' paragraph beginning with (N). Those pert;iining t'> Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I. Mar., '26 1 Trans., The .American Entomological Society. 4 Canadian Entomologist. 5 Psyche. 8 The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 9 The Entomologist. 10 Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 13 Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14 Ent. Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M. 17 Ent. Rundschau, Stuttgart. 18 Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 22 Bulletin of Ent. Research, London. 24 An- nales, Soc. Ent. de France. 33 Bull, et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 39 The Florida Entomologist. 45 Zeit. f. \Vis- senschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 51 Notulae Ent., Helsing- fors. 59 Encyclopedic Ent., Paris. 63 Deutsche Ent. Zeit., "Iris." 64 Zeit., Oesterr. Ent. Ver., \Yien. 69- Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris. 75 Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77 Comptes Rendus, Soc. Biologic, Paris. 89 Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 104 Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leipzig. 107 Biologisches Zentralblatt. 108 Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. Ill Archiv. f. Xaturg., Berlin. 119 Proc., Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington. 141 American Naturalist. 154 Zoolog. Anzeiger. GENERAL. Bergroth, E. E. Obituary with portrait. 51, v, 101-5. Buckstone, A. W. W. Migration of Insects. 9, 1926, 5-8. Butler, E. A. Obituary with portrait. 8, 1926. 24. van Emden, F. Zur kenntnis der eizaehn der arthro- poden, insbesondere der coleopteren. 104, cxxvi, 622-54. Forbes, S. A. The lake as a microcosm. Bui. Nat. Hist. Surv., Illinois, xv, 537-50. Forbin, V. Comment on nour- rit "Les infirmes" clans un jardin zoologique. La Nature. 1925. 382-3. Hayward, K. J. Mites on insects. 9, 1926, 14. Hunter, W. D. Obituary with portrait and bibliography. 10, xxvii, 169-81. Light, S. S. Fauna and flora of apple bark. 75, xvii, 126-49. Lutz, A. Adolpho Lutz : a leader in South American medicine and biology. By M. M. Metcalf -Sci. Month., 1926, 113-4. McAtee, W. L. Policies relating to type specimens of insects. 10, xxvii, 181-7. Maulik, S. Study <>f taxonomic zoology. Nature, cxvii, 82. Meissner, O. Zur richtigen betonung der lateinischen namen. 14, xxxix, 146-7 (cont.). Meissner, O. Wellentod der insekten. 18, xix, 307-8. Morse, A. P. Some rarities from Essex County, Mass. 5, xxxvii, 298. Pierce, W. D. Principles and utilization of climatic control of insects. Lectures in Appl. Ent., (1). Pt. 2, p. 81-113. Roeber, J. Luft und inzucht. 17, xlviii, 2-3. Ruediger, E. Entomologie und zettelkatalog. 17, xlviii, 3-4. Uffeln, K. Industriemelanismus. 18, xix, 301-5. Weiss, H. B. Similarity of insect food habit types XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 on the Atlantic and western Arctic coasts of America. 141, Ix, 102-4. Zur klaerung cler rassenfrage in der entomologie 64, x, 109-12. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Anderson, E. G. Crossing over in a case of attached X- chromosome in Drosophila m. Genetics, x, 403-17. Bridges & Anderson Crossing over in the X-chroinosome of trip- loid females of Drosophila. Genetics, x, 418-41. Demerec, M. Reddish a frequently "mutating" character in Droso- phila virilis. 119, xii, 11-16. Jeffrey & Hicks Evidence as to the cause of so-called mutations in drosophila. Genetica. vii, 273-86. Metz, C. W. Chromosome studies on Sciara (Diptera). 141, Ix, 42-56. Muller, H. J. Regionally differ- ential effect of X rays on crossing over in autosomes of Drosophila. Genetics, x, 470-507. Muller & Dippel Chro- mosome breakage by x-rays and the production of eggs from genetically male tissue in drosophila. Brit. Jour. Exper. Biol., iii, 85-122. Payne, N. M. Effect of environmental temperature upon insect freezing points. Ecology, vii, 99- 106. Warren, E. Spermatogenesis in spiders and the chro- mosome hypothesis of heredity. Nature, cxvii, 82-3. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Hayward, K. J. Mites on insects. 9, 1926, 14. Kuekenthal & Krumbach.^ Handbuch der zoologie. iii. Tardigrada. Von F. Richtei>. pp. 1-68; Pentastomida. Von R. Heymons. pp. 69-128. Millot, J. La secretion de la soie chez les araignees. 77, xciv, 10-11. Savory, T. H. Evolution in spiders. Sci. Progress, London, xx, 475-80. Zebrowski, G. Preliminary report on the morphology of the American dog tick. 1, li, 331-69. (N) *Chamberlin, R. V. New sp. of the lithobiid genus Nampabius from Tennessee. 4, Ivii, 291. *Crosby & Bishop. A new gen. and two n. sps. of spiders collected bv Bufo quercicus. 39, ix, 33-6. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Abbott, C. E. Relative importance of vision and the chemical sen>e in Anax larvae. 5, xxxvii, 315-8. Johnson, C. W. Man- tispa interrupta and M. brunnea in New England; 5, xxxvii. 318. Pulkkinen, A. Ueber die larven einiger odoiiaten. 51, v. 111-14. (N) *Curran, C. H. Descr. of two insects found in im- ported food-stuffs. 4, Ivii. 292-3. *Tillyard, R. J. Kan>a- 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Mar., '26 permian insects. VII. Order Mecopteru. Am. |<>urn. Sci., xi, 133-64. (S) *Snyder, T. E. New termites from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Colombia. 1C8, xvi, 18-28. ORTHOPTERA. Glasgow, R. D. Specimen of Mel- anoplus differentialis with four ocelli. 5, xxxvii, 285-90. Hollande, C. Les cellules a urates des Acridiens orthop- teres et la genese de ces urates. 69, clxxxi, 1175-6. Iwa- nowa, S. A. Zur frage ueber die spermatophorbefruchtung bei den Acridodea (Locusta migratoria). 154, Ixv. 75-86. Rabaud, E. Variation chromatique chez Mantis religiosa. 77, xciv, 36-7. (N) *Hebard, M. North American genus Inscudderia (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). 1, li, 321-30. (S) *Hebard, M. Dermaptera and Orthoptera from the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. II, Saltatorial Orthoptera. 1, li, 265-310. HEMIPTERA. Neiswander, C. R. On the anatomy of the head and thorax in Ranatra. 1, li, 311-20. Teyrovsky, V. Studie o larvach corixidi. (Etudes sur les larves des corixides.) Pub. Faculte Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno, 1925, Cis. 57, 13 pp. (N) *Drake, C. J. Concerning some Tingitidae from the gulf states. 39, ix, 36-9. LEPIDOPTERA. Bird, H. New life histories in Pnpai- pema No. 23. 4, Ivii, 303-6. Clark, A. H. Some unusual and interesting butterflies from eastern Massachusetts. 5, xxxvii, 293-8. Cook, W. C. Some weather relations of the pale western cutworm ( Porosagrotis orthogonia). A pre- liminary study. Ecology, vii, 37-47. Ochmann. Ein kleiner beitrag zur experimentellen beeinflussung der herbstgeneration von Van. urticae. 18, xix, 257-60. Paillot, A. Sur un vibrion parasite des chenilles de Pieris brassicae. 77, xciv, 67-9. (N) *McDunnough, J. Notes on some sps. of the genus Anarta. 4, Ivii, 307-9. *Reuss, T. Boloria reiffi. 18, xix. 279-80. Seamans, H. L. Notes on the genus Copable- pharon in Alberta. 4, Ivii. 287-90. (S) Cockerell, T. D. A. Terias leuce in Argentina. 9, 1926, 11. *Ehrmann, G. A. New sps. of exotic Papilioni- dae. 59, (B), 111, vol. i, 88-92. *Hering, M. The macro- lepidoptera of the world. Fauna americana, Pt. 172, Fain. Dioptidae; beginning. :i: Hering & Hopp. Fine sammelaus- XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XFAVS 89 beute des W. Hopp aus dem Choo \\< >lumbiens. 63, xxxix. 181-207. Kremky, J. Xeotropi>chr Danaididrn in der sammlung des Polnischen Naturhist. Staatsm. in Warschan. An Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Xat., iv. 141-275. *Le Cerf, F. -Description de quelques Morphox 59, (1>). Ill, vol. i, U S- 108. *Lathy, P. L. Notes on the American Theclinae. On the identity of Catagramma idas. 75, x\\i, 35-47; 48. *Stichel, H. -Beitrage zur kenntnis der Riodiniden fauna Suedamerikas. VI. 45, xx, 256-64. DIPTERA. Bischoff, W. Die metamori)husc der Lipo- neura decipiens var. minor (Blepharoceridae). 89, li, Syst., 329-74. Edwards, F. W. Extraordinary matins-habits in a mosquito. 8, 1926, 23. Schander & Meyer. Untersuch- ungen ueber die fritfliege. Ill, 1924, A. 12, p. 12-87. Senior-White R. Physical factors in mosquito ecology. 22, xvi, 187-248. (N) *Bequaert, J. Notes on Hippoboscidae. I. Lynchia We'yenbergh and Lynchia Speiser are not congeneric. 5, xxxii, 265-77. *Cole, F. R. Notes on the diptera of Laguna Beach, Cal. 13, xvii, 55-59. Curran, C. H. Some syrphicl synonymy. 4, Ivii, 307. *Curran, C. H. (See under Smaller orders.) Hendel, F. Neue uebersicht uber die bisher bekannt gewordenen gattungen der Lauxaniidae, nebst beschreibung neuer gattungen u. arten [ne\v neotropi- cal species described]. 59, (B), II, vol. ii, 103-12. John- son, C. W. New sps. of diptera from N. Carolina and Florida. 5, xxxvii, 299-302. Seguy, E. Sur les Lucilia et les Chrysomyia de Macquart et de Robineau-Desvoidy. II, 59, (B), III, vol. ii, 93-4. Shannon, R. C. Note on the dis- tribution and synonymy of a myiasis producing fly (Lucilia argyricephala). 10, xxvii, 196. (S) *Brues, C. T. Some myrmecophilous Phoridae from the Neotropical region. 5, xxxvii, 303-12. *Curran, C. H. Descriptions of four new Neotropical Diptera. 1, li, 259-64. COLEOPTERA. Blair, K. G. C hi the luminosity of Pyrophorus. 8, 1926, 11-15. Chittenden, F. H. Historical notes on Brachyrhinns rugifrons. 4, Ivii, 290-1. Forbes, W. T. M. Second abdominal pleurite in the higher coleop- tera. 5, xxxvii, 290-2. Meissner, O. Rueckgang auch der kaeferfauna. 14, xxxix, 137. (N) *Fall, H. C. New coleoptera. XI. 4, Ivii. 309-12. ^Glasgow, R. D. New I'hyllophaga (Scarabaeidae). 4, Ivii, 2')3-6. (S) *Achard, J. Xotc-s sur le> I 'la^ioik-ra .\meri(|iu- rt 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 descriptions especes nouvelles. 24, xciv, 427-39. *Britten, H. A new bromeliadicolous ptilid (Trichopterig-id) beetle from Trinidad. 8, 1926, 10-11. HYMENOPTERA. Alpatov, W. W. Ueber die ver- kleinerung der russellange der honigbiene vom sueden nach dem norden bin. 154, Ixv, 103-111. Kroening, F. Ueber die dressur der biene auf toene. 107, xlv, 496-507. Parker, J. B. Notes on tbe nesting habits of Bembex comata. 10, xxvii, 189-95. Robertson, C. Habits of the hibiscus bee, Emphor bombiformis. 5, xxxvii, 278-82. Sturtevant, A. H. Notes on the ant fauna of oak galls in the Woods Hole region. 5, xxxvii, 313-4. Verlaine, L. Sur la precarte des caracteres distinctifs des Vespa vulgaris et germanica et sa signification biologique. 33, Ixv, 315-49. (N) Gahan, A. B. Interesting records of two little- known parasitic hymenoptera. 10, xxvii, 188. Meyer, R. Zur bienengattung Sphecodes. Ill, 1924, A, 12, p. 1-12. [Also neotropical.] SPECIAL NOTICES. British Hydracarina. By Soar & Williamson. Pub. by The Ray Society, London, 1925, 214 pp., pis. Altho this work treats of the British species, it should be of interest to American students on account of its monographic nature. THE NORTH AMERICAN DRAGON FLIES OF THE GENUS So- MATOCHLORA, by E. M. WALKER. University of Toronto Studies, Biolog'ical Series No. 26. 1925. 8vo., 202 pages, 17 text figs., 35 pis. In 1912 the same author put forth a notable work having a similar title, except that the generic name was Acsluui : it formed No. 11 of this same Biological Series; a notice of it appeared in the NEWS for June, 1912, pages 283-6. During much of the intervening time Dr. Walker has been engaged upon the present work, for, like Acshna, Somatochlora, the largest of the Corduliine genera, is more fully represented in species in the northern part of North America and his location in Toronto has enabled him to study these dragonflies more easily than students farther south. The species of Somatochlora, as the name suggests, are, for the most part, green insects, especially of a metallic green on head and thorax, the eyes of a brilliant green above. Many of them, in the early days of adult life, "commonly fly at a con- siderable height, often 30 to 50 feet or more," so that "often it is hopeless to attempt their capture." "At other times one XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 may find an individual patrolling a small shady opening, partly surrounded by trees, and at such times they fly hack and forth or around the space at an average height of about 4 or 5 fret and are then fairly easily captured." "Few of thr species are easily obtained in settled districts; most of them are local even where the genus is well represented, and they are seldom abun- dant even in the immediate vicinity of their breeding places. They are shy denizens of the wilderness, being seen at their lies! in the northern coniferous forests and the mountains, and in consequence of the comparatively remote nature of their habi- tats our knowledge of their habits and early stages, as well as their taxonomy, has lagged behind that of other genera of Oclonata." Those of us who have watched Somatochlora hope- lessly overhead in the pine barrens of Xew Jersey, or have sought it along Indianan creeks, appreciate full well Dr. Walker's remarks on "the rarity of large series of Somatochlora in collections and the difficulties attending the field study of the species." Yet he has examined about 1300 specimens in his own and other museums. Somatochlora comprises about 36 described species, 21 in North America, 16 in Eurasia; .V. salilhcr^i Trybom, 18S' 1 , from Siberia, regarded as identical with S. walkcri Kennedy. 1917, from Alaska, is common to the two continents. In Xorth America, Fort Simpson on the Mackenzie River and the Ktis- kokwim River, Alaska, both at about 61 4CK Xorth Latitude, are the most northern localities yet observed for this genus, while a female of S. filosa has been taken east of Fort Meade, Florida. The genus is most richly represented in the Canadian life zone. The treatment of the subject matter is similar to that in the author's Aeshna, although the order followed is not always the same. The general part of the preset it work occupies 37 pages, as compared with 54 in the former ; special mention should be made of the description of the eggs and first seven larval instars of S. kennedyi and illustrated in plates xvii and xxv. The development, under laboratory conditions, was very slow: eggs collected in July, 1923, hatched in April, 1924; six or seven moults occurred up to September 29, after which and up to Jan. 9, 1925, no moults were recorded, although at this last date the nymphs were still in good condition. Details are reserved for future publication when the life history has been more hilly worked out. Dr. Walker thinks at least three winters are pa>sed in the course of the life cycle and that very probably in tin- far north, if not elsewhere, four years may be required. "Southern species of Somatochlora tend to be more slender and more elongate than northern, somewhat less metallic, with a 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 scantier pubescence. . . . No definite geographical races appear in the material I have examined, unless the form de- scribed as S. incnrvata is merely a large local southern race of S. forcipata." Twenty-one species are recognized, two of them (georgiana and whitehousei} here described as new. Separate keys to the adult males, to the adult females and to the known nymphs (13 species) are given. The full specific descriptions occupy 136 pages ; many of them are accompanied by a map of North America in the text showing" the distribution of the species in question. Twelve pages contain the list of references. The first four plates show dorsal and lateral views of the male appendages; apices of female abdomens follow in thre_' more. The color patterns of the entire body for both sexes, in black and white halftones (not, alas, as in the beautiful colored figures of the AcsJina monograph!) fill pis. viii-xiv. Then come the genitalia of the second abdominal segment of the males ( 2 pis. ), the early stages (9 pis. ), reproductions of photo- graphs of body and wings (8 pis.) and of two habitats (2 pis. ). Like its predecessor, this monograph has been well and care- fully done and few works in odonatological literature equal it in the detailed information which it contains. P. P. CALVERT. < Doings of Societies. The Third International Congress of Entomology, Zurich, 19th-26th July, 1925. I. Resolution, Horn Escherich Nuttall. The Section II for Systematics and Geographical Distribution having had under consideration the relation of Systematics to Applied Entomology wish to record the following observations and recommendations : OBSERVATIONS. 1. An enormous expansion in Applied En- tomology has recently taken place throughout the world. This has necessitated, as a first step, the exact determination of an immense number of insects. The result has been to show the utter inadequacy of the present means for undertaking such work. 2. While the existing organization of Applied Entomology is efficient in some countries (notably in the United States and Great Britain), the number of trained workers available in all countries is generally recognised as totally insufficient. Every- where the systematic specialist is overburdened, and his load has now become an intolerable one. XXXvii, '261 ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\V.-, 93 3. Neither Systematic nor Applied Entomology has yet re- ceived due recognition in academic circles. Entomology has long been the Cinderella of the Sciences. Entomological work, especially Systematic Entomology, has been regarded as being definitely inferior in quality to work in other branches of Zoology. It is within the knowledge of the framers of this resolution that postgraduate students have been advised not to undertake research in Systematic Entomology on the ground that it led nowhere. At few, if any, European Universities is Systematic Entomology accepted as a qualification for a degree. 4. Such facts constitute a grave danger to science, both pure and applied, and, as a remedy for this state of affairs, the Sec- tion II proposes the following RECOMMENDATIONS. A. With regard to Universities : 1. That the teaching of Systematic Entomology at I "niversi- ties be adequately provided for by the establishment of chairs especially devoted thereto ; 2. That meritorious systematic work should be regarded as qualifying candidates for ordinary and advanced degrees at Universities. B. \Yith regard to Museums : 3. That immediate steps should be taken to increase the number of entomological assistants, both systematic and tech- nical, in Museums and that this should be done in a manner proportionate to the amount of specific work entailed ; 4. That in the appointment of persons to administrative posts in Museums and like institutions due regard, inter al : a, should be given to a candidate's experience in systcmatics. C. With regard to Bibliographical Institutions : 5. That each country should have a central Bibliographical Institute ( Library ) for Entomology. This Resolution, framed by W. Horn, K. Escherich and < 1. H. F. Nuttall, and in addition signed by C. Borner, J. Davidson. II. Eidmann, K. Eckstein, K. Jordan, R. Kleine, O. Morgen- thaler, A. Schuberg, M. Schwartz, F. Stellwaag, J. Waterston and C. B. Williams, was unanimously agreed to at the General Meeting of the Congress on the 25th July. II. Resolution proposed by the Section Y. for Applied Ento- mology. This Congress considers it essential that the problems under- lying Applied Entomology should lie studied, and desires to impress upon Governments and Institutions concerned with Applied Entomology that time must be devoted to Systematic Entomology and fundamental research such as Insect I'hysiol- ogy. Ecology and Pathology, since only by the study of these can insect control be placed on a sound basis. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 This Resolution, signed by C. Bolivar Pieltain (Spain), C. Bonier (Germany), J. Davidson (England), T. Bainbrigye Fletcher (India), L. (3. Howard ( l\ S. A. ), J. Jablonowski (Hungary), R. Stewart MacDougall ( England ), G. A. K. Marshall (England), J. M. Munro (England), O. Schneider- Orelli (Switzerland), F. Schoevers (Holland), F. Stellwaag (Germany), W. R. Thompson (U. S. A.), I. Tragardh (Swe- den), F.'\V. Urich (Trinidad), C. B. Williams (Egypt) was unanimously agreed to at the General Meeting of the Congress on the 25th July. Nomenclature. The provisional committee, elected for the duration of the Congress, proposed and the Congress, in its General Meeting of 25th July, unanimously passed the following resolution : The Congress considers it desirable to express the opinion ( 1 ) that in future (i. e., from the time when the revised rules of nomenclature have become law) it shall be compulsory for the publication of a new genus to be accompanied by a de- scription of the genus as well as by the citation of an already known species or by the description of a new one ; and (2) that in future a new name published must be accompa- nied by a description in words (or a reference to a former such description) also in the case of Lepidoptera. Dr. J. Waterston proposed and the Meeting unanimously agreed that this Resolution be sent to all Editors of Entomolog- ical Journals. OBITUARY. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine and The Entomol- ogist, of London, for November last, contain obituary no- tices of Prof. HAROLD MAXWELL LEFROY, whose death on October 14, 1925, as a result of exposure to insecticidal gases in his laboratory in London, attracted universal atten- tion in the daily papers of the time. We summarize their accounts as follows: He was born January 20, 1877, at Itchell Manor, Crundall, Hants, England; educated at Marl- borough School and at King's College, Cambridge, and at the latter, under the influence of Dr. David Sharp, special- ized in entomology. From 1899 to 1903, he was Entomolo- gist to the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, and was stationed chiefly at Barbados. From 1903 XXXVli, '261 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95 to 1910, he was Imperial Entomologist for India, then re- turned to England. In 1912 he became Professor of Ento- mology in the Imperial College of Science at South Ken- sington, a position which he occupied at his death, and where he was largely occupied with researches into the life- histories and the means of destruction of injurious insect:-. During the Great War he was called to the British army in Mesopotamia to deal with the house-fly problem, and later to Australia on account of the grain weevils. His chief publications are Indian Insect Pests (19' I'M. Indian Insect Life (1910) and A Manual of Entomology (1923). A notice of the second of these will be found in the XEWS for Febru- ary, 1910, page 91. The writer in the first magazine cited at the beginning of this notice links the name of Lefroy with that of Arthur Bacot as those of martyrs to the cause of ento- mological research in the service of man. On January 30, 1926, GEORGE ALEXANDER EH R MAN died at his home, 2314 Sarah Street, Pittsburgh, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Mr. Ehrman was born February 2, 1862, not far from the residence, which he owned, and in which he had lived for the last thirty-six years of his life. In his boyhood he completed a course in the public schools of Pittsburgh and then began to earn his livelihood in a glass-factory. He became a very skill- ful workman and, being of an inventive turn, produced a num- ber of devices, which came into general use in the manufacture of blown and pressed glass. He was long connected with the Macbeth-Evans Glass Company and the United States Gl Company of Pittsburgh. During the later years of his life he was employed in the Research Laboratory of the Mesta Ma- chine Company at \Yest Homestead. Pennsylvania. Mr. Ehrman amassed a competence by energy and thrift and was able during most of the years of his later life t> -ratify his inborn love of natural history. He was particularly interested in entomology and especially in the Lepidoptera and Cole- optera. He likewise took an interest in "niithology. lie was one of a group of young men in Pittsburgh, chiefly of German 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26 descent, who in the final decade of the last century be^an to collect and study the insect-fanna of western Pennsylvania. He was one of the original members of the Entomological So- ciety of Western Pennsylvania. Subsequently he became a member of a number of similar societies both in this country and in Europe. At first Mr. Ehrman made extensive collections of the Lepid- optera and Coleoptera of western Pennsylvania ; later he became attracted to the showier exotic forms, making a specialty of the genus Papilio. His collection, representing- this genus, is very extensive. Not long before his death he informed the writer of these lines that he believed his collection to contain almost all of the species which have been attributed to this genus, as well as a great number of subspecific forms and aberrations. It is understood that his entire collection in pursuance of his wishes is to become the property of the Carnegie Museum. Mr. Ehrman wrote a number of articles, which appeared from time to time in various entomological publications. In these he either described species and varieties, which he believed to be new to science, or recorded his observations upon habits or habitats. More than a dozen of his papers appeared in the earlier volumes of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS; others were pub- lished in The Journal of the New York Entomological Society, the Canadian Entomoloo. CYBELE FAB. ,, APHROPITE; r*' BRENTHI9 MYKINA CR. " BELLONA FAB. EUPHYDRYA9 PHAETON PRu. PHYCIOPES THAROS DRU. 11 " MARC I A EDW. POLYGON I A COMMA HAR. i n pRYAe \ AGLAIS J-ALBUM BP.-LEC. u AMTIOPA UN. VANESSA ATALANTA UN. VIRC1UIEN3IS PRU. " CAROUI L\M. BASILAR.CHIA A^TYANAX FAB. " ARCHIPPU5 CR. STRYMON MELINOS HUB. < TITUS FAB. M CALAMUS HuB. i LI PAROPS STRIGOSA HAR. INCISALIA MIPHON HUB FEH\9ECA TARQU1NHU9 PAR. HEODES HYPOPHLAEAS epv. " FA5CIATA STKR. EVERES COMyNTAS COOT. LYCAENOP319 " " LUCIA Ml i. ~ MARGINATA ED tow EPARSYREU9 TITVKUS HOB. THORYB63 PYLAPES Scup. PHOLISORA CATULLUS FAB. THANAO9 ICELUS UUT. ii BRI7.O Boi-Let. .. JOVENAL15 FA6. .1 HORATIUS SCOO.-BWI ANCYLOXYPHA NUMITOR FAB PAMPHILA METEA wt>. n \_EONARPOS HAR. u SA.SSACUS HAR. PoLlTES TAOMAS FA. MYSTIC Scup. PECK\US KIR. " VERNA EPW. CATIA OTHO EGEREIAET 9cul POANES HOBOMOK HAR. '" " POCoHoMTA'3 sow ATRVTONE LOGAN EOW. VE^TFvCS &PV. ATRYTONOP5IS HIANMA ecu AMBLYSCIRTES VIALIS EPW. ii HEGON ScU[>. MA R. V f >P( Z I. -* * ti 1A- i r 4- J ow 2. e 3 4 JL- r 1 Au< 9 4- 9 EPT. 2. 3 4 oc T. 2. 3 -i o o o o o O o o o o o 1 o o G Q } C o J o> o o o C' o i .> o c > J r. o O o o o o O o o ) o c \ - -> o C o 3 o o 1 3 > 3 C > o J J J > o o O o o c > c o > o o 3 c > -> J O O o o . o CJ > O o o o o D o c ) O o J J f . ) O J J o o 3 o o o c >| O o o o o o o o o 3 o o o o C ) O o )l o o c > o o < > o o o o o 5 o o o o o a o o a c ) o o o o < ) o o o o o < 3 o o o o o K. o * 5 O o o o o rt a a o a o a J I > a o o o o o 15 D o o o o V. w. UIP c o o o o a C > o u o a O t ) o v o o o u <-> o o < o o o o c c C' ' J a a J a c 1 o o 1 i . 1 o o 1 > > o o o o o 3 O '. L o o I i o 3 O 1-1 > ^ o i f o c o c> XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 Landmarks in the History of the Study of Insect Hibernation. By NELLIE M. PAYNE, University of Minnesota. It is a far cry from the simple observations of an Aristotle that insects do hibernate to the refined measurements of the Danish physiologist, Krogh, on the rate of metabolism during hibernation. This tiny portion of the great field of physiology has already yielded varied and interesting results. The first landmark in the history of the study of insect hibernation is the work of Aristotle. He knew that insects hibernated in a state of torpor. The Roman period and the dark ages of science we pass by to come upon the work of Reaumur and ITuber. These workers deserve a high rank among the pioneers in experimental and observational entomology. It is surprising to see how modern, how accurate, and how ingenious were the methods used by these workers, the former nearly two hundred years ago. The observations of Reaumur and Huber on the hibernation of bees stand out with amazing force and freshness. Reaumur also did the first quantitative experiment to determine the exact de- gree of low temperature which insects can endure and still live. His material was larvae found in wood. His method was to place these larvae in thin glass tubes in freezing mixtures of marine salt and water. He recorded the temperature of the freezing mixture by means of the thermometer which he, him- self, had lately invented. Reaumur is known to biologists as a lover of pure science and often thought to be a scholarly recluse. Yet a careful study of his life shows that he was a busy man of affairs. He held the offices which today would be the equivalent of the National Research Council Chairmanship, the Secretaryships of Commerce and of the Interior, besides managing his own large estates. The next workers along the path are Englishmen, Kirbv and Spence (1818). They devote a chapter of thirty-five P:ILU> to a study of insect torpidity and insect hibernation. They ascribe the hibernation of insects to a provision of the all\vi\e Creator against a time of want. \ot content with mere 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 philosophizing- these authors perform some experiments on the hibernation of bees. They also sum up the work of pre- ceding- authors. The next significant landmark is the work of Vaudoner (1827) on the lethargy of caterpillars. Yaudoner emphasized the periodicty of hibernation. He was one of the first workers to state clearly that insects could go into a state of hibernation when the temperature was still high and the food supply was plentiful. The work of Vaudoner has been overlooked by many later biologists but is suggestive of the possibility of experi- mentation along many lines relating to lethargy and hibernation. Along with the advance in experimentation in the acquiring of knowledge comes the invention and perfection of instru- ments of precision. Nobili and Melloni (1833-4) were the first workers to use the thermocouple method to determine the temperature of insects. This instrument had been devised by Seebeck about ten years previous. One of our own countrymen, Scudder fl8S7), deserves to stand as a landmark in this smaller field of insect study under consideration as he does in the larger fields of paleontology and taxonomy. His treatise on insect hibernation and insect leth- argy forms the subject of two excursus in his Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. The next outstanding worker is Bachmetjew. He summar- ized the literature of the preceding workers, made extensive additions of his own and analyzed the data thus obtained to make one coherent theory of the vital temperature minimum of in- sects. He used the thermocouple method to determine the freezing point of insects. He published his results from 1898 to 1901, this last date marking the publication of his monu- mental work. Experiment elle entoinologiscJic Studien i'oin physicalisch-chemischen Stand finnkt aits, Band. I. We can say monumental, although the volume contains but one hundred and sixty pages. The new viewpoint that is expressed in the title so clearly, that no one can fail to grasp the import, is the qual- ity that makes this book outstanding. Quantitative physico- chemical entomology was now possible. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \E\VS 101 Krogh in Denmark forms another outstanding worker. His nse of insect material in the study of quantitative physiology demonstrates a few of the great possibilities present in the investigation of insect material. Krogh's (1914) measure- ments of rate of metabolism at low temperatures and during hibernation are an expression of the quantitative study of hi- bernation, which has already yielded varied and interesting results. Only a few of those who have contributed to the study of hibernation have here been mentioned, and only those who lay in the direct line of development as near as that line can be ascertained today. To the workers of today in the new field of insect hibernation, it may be well to point out that there were earnest investigators two hundred years ago in this same field. To these pioneers we must give credit and also learn something at least from their worthy efforts. Migrations of the Long-Beaked Butterfly, Libythea bachmani Kirtland (Lepid. : Libytheidae). 1 By D. C. PARMAN, Assistant Entomologist, Bureau of Ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture. Since the establishment of the laboratory at Uvalde, Texas, in the fall of 1913 by the United States Bureau of Entomology, the Long-beaked Butterfly has frequently been observed. It is thought that a brief record of these observations may be of value to those interested in the study of insect behavior. Xo general flights of the long-beaked butterflies were noted until the summer of 1916; a few small flights occurred during the summer of 1917 and a few specimens were seen in 1918, but no flights of consequence were observed that year. A con- siderable number of these butterflies appeared in migration during the summer of 1921, but all of these flights were very small compared with the flights of 1916. It has not been possible to correlate the climatic conditions of the two years with the flights. The summer of 1'Mo was omi- iApproved for publication by the chief of the Bureau of Ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture. 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 paratively rainy and rather cool, whereas the summer of 1921 was relatively hot and dry. The migrations observed during both years took place in the month of August, always after rains, which were generally light as compared to other rains of the season. Butterflies have been observed in large numbers during other years in the bottoms along the streams and in low valleys, but apparently no migrations took place. The number of butterflies which took part in the migrations of 1916 is almost unbelievable. The amount of rainfall in inches for the period during which the writer has been stationed at Uvalde was as follows : for 1914,21.18; 1915, 13.65; 1916, 33.34; 1917, 11.80; 1918, 12.00; 1919, 38.52; 1920, 18.24; 1921, 17.86; 1922, 20.95; 1923, 29.84; 1924, 15.68. The precipitation by days during the months from May to September of the two years when large migrations occurred was as follows, in inches : 1916. May 1 .28, 2 .22, 18 .28, 20 (trace), 21 .77, total 1.55. June 15 .58, 16 .05, 30 .09, total .72. July 5 .5, 9 1.77, 14 .68, 21 .4, 23 .37, 27 .6, 28 .92, 30 .15, 31 .51, total 6.20. August 1 1.3, 6 (trace), 7 .4, 16, 17 (trace each), 19 3.1, 21 .4, 24 (trace), 28 2.0, total 7.20. September 1 3.01, 2 2.01, 13 .35, 14 .25, total 5.62. 1921. May 1 2.4, 10 (trace), 11 .3, 15 .8, 16 .06, 17 1.68, total 5.22. June 3 .2, 8 (trace), 10 .05, 12 .5, 13 1.73, 14 .4, 15 .04, total 2.92. July 6 (trace), 7 .42, 8 .22, 11 .3, 30 .22, total 1.16. August 28 .19, 29 .1, total .29 September 8 .33, 9 .61, 11 .02, 29 .24, total 1.20. MIGRATIONS OF 1916 During the early part of the summer and early fall of 1916. large numbers of many species of Lepidoptera were present in the vicinity of Uvalde. Butterflies were by far the most con- spicuous and were probably the most abundant. The roadsides were lined with them and reports were received of automobile radiators becoming clogged with them to the extent of stop- ping the air circulation sufficiently to cause the engine to over- heat. The writer took many mutilated specimens from radia- XXXvii, '26] ENTOMoi.dCH Al. .\K\VS 103 tors, but never observed a radiator with a sufficient number on it to interfere seriously with cooling-. Libvthea bachinani was probably the predominating- species, but several others were almost as abundant and were more noticeable in the roads ; L. bac/iniani kept more to the heavy growths of grasses, weeds and timber, and in low moist places it was the only species observed to make definite migratory flights. The first migration occurred August 1 ; the last, August 28. Many individuals were observed before and after the above dates. A single one was found November 10, about 4 p. m. in the warm sun on the west side of the insectary in a semi- stupor, but was fresh in appearance and unmutilated. This was the last observed during the fall. It was found dead on the ground the next morning. The flights always took place in the afternoon and generally from 4 p. m. to 6 p. m. The largest flights occurred after rains which fell on the previous day or night. A few indi- viduals were observed to pass nearly every day during August and the first days of September, but in most cases these flights could not be considered as general migrations, for the travel was broken and at times out of the general course. The move- ments were in a general easterly direction. At times they devi- ated slightly to the north or south, more often to the south. The prevailing wind during August was from the southeast. The migrations never took place when there was more than a moderate breeze and then the divergence was to the north. Dur- ing calm afternoons the movement was decidedly to the south- east. When there was any decided air movement the butter- flies flew low. No migration was observed when there were heavy clouds or the least precipitation. The insects moved almost in a straight line and seemingly without effort on calm days at a speed of from 10 to 15 miles per hour, as was judged on several occasions by driving with the flight in an automobile. The movement would slow as the air movement increased. If an individual was disturbed and thrown behind any natural obstruction, it would fly about in an indefinite way until it finally came in contact with the regular 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 stream and would then proceed with it. When a migrant was flying low enough to encounter natural obstructions it would keep the same general course and move over the object from 6 to not more than 24 inches from it. On calm days, individuals were observed as high in the air as the unaided eye could detect (from 125 to 150 feet). The number of butterflies in the flights was small at first, but increased until the last flights would literally fill the air. The following excepts are from notes made on the days of the most extensive migrations : Aug. 1 : A large number of butterflies is flying southeast just above the natural obstructions up to as far into the air as the natural eye can detect. Speci- mens taken by climbing to top of house. Flight began about 5 :30 p. m. ; none flying at sundown. Aug. 2 : No specimens observed flying this morning. A few are flying at 6 p. m. Aug. 8: While driving west of town observed butterflies mi- grating east in about double the numbers of the first flight. They are coming from the cane fields at 4 p. m. Aug. 9: Thousands of the long-beaks are coming from the cane fields four miles west of town, where they were apparently feeding on the blooms of the cane heads. Many of the cane heads were entirely covered. Heavy migrations east were observed at 5 :30 p. m. Aug. 10: A few long-beaks began passing the laboratory close to the ground, headed in a northeasterly direction. A light breeze was blowing from the southeast. The breeze is stronger at 3 p. m. and the flight has stopped. Aug. 17 : A few of the long-beaks have been observed in flight during nearly all of the still evenings of late, but this afternoon the air is full at 4 o'clock. This is the largest flight observed and at times the sky is almost hidden. All are passing to the east. At 5 p. m. a strong breeze came up from the east and the flight stopped. Aug. 25: While driving to Uvalde from a point 20 miles awav, observed many long-beaks to be flying east between 3 and 5 p. m. Aug. 28: About 3 p. m. a flight toward the east began. A XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 105 light breeze was blowing from the east. The butter- flies were flying close to the ground and followed very closely over obstructions. At 5:30 the wind had become calm, the butterflies had arisen in the air as high as could be seen, the lower ones just above the buildings. The flight increased until the air was full at 6 p. m. and lasted 30 minutes. 6 :45 : not a specimen can be seen. MIGRATIONS 'OF 1921 On July 30 at the laboratory, a few individuals were trying to fly against a strong breeze from the southeast ; 2 p. m. they flew close to the ground and many alighted on mesquite trees in the back yard. Nothing was observed on July 31, but on August 1, at the laboratory, the long-beaks were migrating in moderate numbers to the east against a moderate breeze from the southeast. Five miles north of town they were flying in greater numbers than at Uvalde, which was a considerable flight. On August 2, only an occasional adult was migrating to the east. No more migrations were observed during the year at the laboratory, but Mr. A. P. Nicholson, instructor in Sydney Uni- versity, Sydney, Australia, who was visiting in Uvalde and making a study of the insect fauna, made the following obser- vation on August 27 and 28: About three miles north of Concan, on August 27, a large number of butterflies, probably the long-beak, was observed flying steadily in the same direction. As near as I can judge, the direction of the flight was south by east, as it was incline! 1 a little more to the east than the direction of the road. The insects were flying at a fair height, on the average about 2( ) < >r 30 feet from the ground. The flight was observed from about 5 to 6 o'clock, and on proceeding south along the road, I con- tinued to observe the insects for two or three miles. There had been heavy rains during the day and the tlight was observed to have commenced a short time after the weather had cleared. On August 28, about 6:30 p. m., the insects were again ob- served but in small numbers. This was at a point about three miles northwest of Uvalde. Again the insects were flying in a general southeasterly direction. Although a few specimens of Libythca have been seen each 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS [Apr., '26 year from 1922 to 1924, inclusive, no migrations have been observed at Uvalde since 1921. FOOD HABITS Ccltis sp. is given as the food plant of Libythca baclunani. This tree is not uncommon in this district, but no case of de- foliation has been observed. The adults have been found on several sweets : Aphis honey, fruits, sugars and flowers. They apparently prefer the sorghum flowers to anything else. In many sorghum fields they have been observed in large numbers; at times in 1916 there was scarcely a flowering head that did not have from 1 to 10 of them on it. Notes on a Migration of the Snout Butterfly (Lepid., Libytheidae). By ROBERT K. FLETCHER, College Station, Texas. On September 23d, 1925, there passed through College Sta- tion, Texas, a great migration of the Snout Butterfly, Libythca baclutianni, Kirt. The butterflies were proceeding southward at an estimated speed of eight miles an hour. The wind was blowing from the south at an estimated rate of from three to five miles an hour. The day was warm, 97 degrees F., with bright sunshine. The greatest number of individuals passed through between 2 P. M. and 6 P. M. There were thousands of butterflies and the most striking features were the manner and steadiness of their flight. The great majority were flying within three feet of the ground. An obstruction in their path, say a board fence or small house, would hardly cause them to perceptibly pause, before they flew over or around it. If one were missed with the net it might swing to one side but the southward flight would be immedi- ately resumed. The migration passed with the steady persi st- ance of a deep-flowing stream. About twelve hours later a "norther" struck College Station. The temperature dropped to 65 degrees F. while the wind changed to the north and increased to twenty miles an hour. XXXVli, '26] ENTO.MHI.or.lCAL NEWS 107 Did these butterflies migrate because of this "norther"? Wea- ther fleeing southward before it? In other words were they f ^~3 - started upon their migration by a drop in temperature prob- ably accompanied by an increase in wind velocity? I do not think so. First, they passed through here about twelve hours ahead of the "norther." Second, ho\v could they have gained so much time on the "norther" with its wind velocity of twenty miles an hour? This is supposing, of course, that the increased cold, which might be considered to have initiated their migra- tion, was accompanied by a wind of this velocity. Third, why did they continue on their way after they had gained twelve hours and against a south wind? Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, of the University of Illinois, in an article upon the Migration of Animals, (American Naturalist, Xov.- Dec. 1925), offers as an explanation of this phenomenon: "Physiological changes going on within the body, mainly the sex organs." Cannot the southward migration of these butter- flies be better explained in this way than by assigning it either to instinct or to an immediate response to a single stimulus? Dr. L. O. Howard kindly had the species determined for me. A New Parasitic Bee from Colorado (Hymen. : Coelioxynae). By T. D. A. COCKERELL and CHAS. H. HICKS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Holcopasites haematurus sp. n. <$. Length, little over 7 millimeters ; head and thorax black, with appressed white pubescence ; region about antennae covered with rather long, white hairs; head and thorax densely coarsely punctured but shining between punctures; labrum black, not carinate, proximal part, at least, covered with long, white pile; mandibles simple, proximal quarter black, distal quarter cas- taneous ; joint 3 of antennae as long as 4+5 ; antennae black, scape curved and rather coarsely punctured; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, long and slender, proximal joint about as Ion- as two distal joints, second and third slightly longer than last two: labial palpi 4-jointed, first joint much longer than second; tongue long and pointed at tip. Scutellum conspicuously but obtusely bilobed : IIU-M ipleurae bulging, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly ; tegulae castaneous ; 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 wings dusky, especially on apical margins ; stigma and nervures black ; basal nervure meeting nervulus ; first cubital cell nearly twice as large as second ; second broad, receiving recurrent nervures very near base and apex ; legs black ; tibial spurs pale red. First four segments of abdomen entirely red ; fifth red with large, round, black spot in the middle ; apical segments black ; first segment with two widely separated patches of white hair on basal portion and a little on lateral margins ; segments 2 5 with basal and lateral patches of white hair; venter with narrow white hair bands ; apical plate parallel sided, broadly rounded at apex. In Crawford's key this species runs nearest to H. illmoiensis Robertson, but is larger, with the abdomen brighter red and the apical plate black (red in H. iUinoiensis). The position of the recurrent nervures is quite different from that of H. stei'cnsi Crawford. Boulder, Colorado, June 21, 1925, at White Rocks (Chas. H. Hicks) ;' on the Mowers of a boraginaceous plant. Type in Cockerell collection. In 1878 Cresson described Pliilercinus fulviventris, collected by Hy. Edwards in California. Ashmead in 1899 made this the type of a peculiar American genus, Neopasites, Crawford in 1916 added a second species, N. cressoni, also from California. However Ashmead also separated a genus Holcopasites, with- out including any named species. The form he had in hand, to which he had given a manuscript name, proved to be the Phileremus illinoicnsis of Robertson. For a number of years it was held that this Holcopasites could not be separated from Neopasites, so that several species were catalogued under the latter name. But Crawford, having access to specimens of the true Neopasites, was able to find good distinguishing characters, and accordingly revived Holcopasites for all the species except the two cited above. The generic name is really to be credited to Crawford, who ( Ins. Ins. Mens. Ill, 1925, pp. 123-124) first cited a species, and gave a table for the separation of the known forms. Today w* know nine species of Holcopasites. including the one described above. Neopasites cainia Ckll. becomes Holcopasites cainia. The species occur from Washington, D. C., to Texas and Colorado, and north to Alberta. XXXVJi, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 Remarks on Hesperia freija Warren (Lepid. : Rhopalocera). By E. L. BELL, Flushing, Xew York. Under the title "A New European Skipper," Mr. 1'.. C. S. Warren described Hcspcria freija in the Transactions of the Entomological Socict\ of London, parts 1-2, pages Ivi-lvii, 1924, and figured it on Plate B, figures 1 to 5 ; in his paper Air. Warren states that the species is found "in Colorado at an altitude of 13,000 feet; Labrador and other parts of X. America; and in the extreme north of Europe." As the title of this paper does not indicate the occurrence of the species in North America, it might w.-ll escape notice, and it will therefore be of interest to students of North Amer- ican Hesperidse to know of this addition to the described species of our fauna. Frclja is similar to ccntanrcae Rambur and probably confused with it in collections containing Cana- dian or western specimens. Mr. Warren, however, points out that H. freija is readily distinguished from ccntanrcae by the complete row of white spots between the median band and the white marginal band on the underside of the hind-wings, and their characteristic arched shape. These spots are only very rarely all present in ccntanrcae and always of quite irregular formation. Also by the want of the tooth-like white spot, projecting from the outer margin of the hind-wing in ccn- tuitrcac, along both sides of nervure 5. This tooth-like pro- jection is never present in freija. Further, freija is a smaller insect than ccnlanreac, and in shape its wings are usually much more elongated than the wings of the latter insect. Mr. Warren also states that the genitalia of freija are dis- tinct from those of cenlanrcae : and that Prof. Reverdin fig- ured the genitalia of freija as those of eentanreae in his "Re- vision of the Genus I lesperia," plate 402, figure 5023. In response to my inquiry in regard to the type material of freija, Mr. Warren has written me that the type specimens of freija are a male from Labrador in the collection ot Prof. Reverdin, and a female from Lapland in his o\vn collection; his other American records are from specimens in the liritish 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 Museum from "Colorado ; Alberta ; Labrador ; Colorado, Bul- lion Mountains, 13,000 feet." The European frcija. he states, is confined to Lapland. In the writer's collection there has been for some time, a female specimen collected on the top of Pikes Peak, Colorado, on June 28th, 1922, by Mr. George P. Engelhardt, of Brook- lyn, N. Y., and during the early part of 1925, a few, somewhat worn, males and females were received from Mr. E. J. Oslar, who collected them on Ouray Peak, Colorado, in August ; all of these specimens, it was noted, differed from specimens of ccntanrcac taken in New Jersey ; shortly after the receipt of the Ouray Peak specimens, Mr. Warren's paper came to the writer's notice and a comparison of the specimens with the figures of frcija /eft little doubt that they were that species, though some of them showed slight variation in maculation from the figures and all averaged somewhat larger than the New Jersey speci- mens of ccntanrcac, not smaller, as stated in Mr. Warren's paper. However, the writer has no specimens of either species from Europe or Labrador, and their relative size may be dif- ferent when comparison is made with specimens from other localities. Specimens from Ouray Peak were sent to Mr. Warren, and he has very kindly made a genitalic examination of the males and pronounces them to he frcija, though he says that they are not so distinctly marked as his type specimen. It would, of course, be expected that, in view of the widely separated locali- ties from which they came, some variation would be found. Ceratina dupla (Hym. : Ceratinidae). Is the little bee, Ceratina dnpla, like the poor and the crows? Do we always have it with us ? It is among the last to fly in the fall ; in midwinter I have seen these small carpenter bees, head down, deep in sumac borings. I should think it would get tired, standing there, waiting for April and the willow blossoms. No wonder they come in crowds to the very first spring flowers, they have been ready for them so long. Specimens have been taken in April, May, July, August, September doubtless they are present also in June. N. McMuRRAY, Clearfield, Penna. XXXvii, '2(>] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\\S 111 Key to the Known Adult Trombiculas (Adults of Chiggers) of the New World with Descriptions of Two New Species (Acarina, Trombidoidea). By H. E. EWIXG, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. In the past but three adults of chiggers (adult Trombiculas) have been known from the New World. The first to be dis- covered was Trombicula coarctata HcHcsc. This species was described in 1888 and is known to occur in Paraguay and Argentina. The next adult described was Trombicula splen- clciis Ewing, which was taken in a tamarack swamp near Por- tage, Wisconsin, on September 2, 1909, by the writer. The third adult was described by the writer in 1920 as Trombicula ciiuiabui'is from specimens taken at East Falls Church, Vir- ginia, ;>nd Xorth Beach, Maryland, during the summer of 1919. The larva of this third species has since been reared. It proved to be the common North American chigger, Trombicula irritans Riley. In this paper two more adult Trombiculas are described, one from Peru and one from Panama. These new species are both very large, each being fully twice as long as our common Xorth American chigger. Members of the genus Trombicula may be recognized from all other harvest mites (Trombidiidae ) in their adult state by having a deep constriction of the body 'slightly in front of the middle. They are found in moist soil or in moist organic accumulations, especially in tropical or subtropical woods. Trombicula alleei, new species. Color of preserved alcoholic specimen, a brownish cinnibar. Palpi slender, extending almost to the tips .if first femora: thumb of palpus only very slightly swollen and scarcely sur- passing the claw; distal segment with rather weak but strongly curved palpal claw and on its inside a comb of three, subequal, approximate spines. Eyes large and conspicuous with strongly curved corneas, situated above first coxae and far in front of the pseudostigmatic area. Pseudostigmatic area conspicuous, posterior lobes touching on median line and oval; pseudo- 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 stigmata small, situated almost on the lateral margins of pseudostigmatic area ; pseudostigmatic organs very slender, flagelliform. Setae of body medium, longer on the shoulders and posterior margin. They are colored and provided with conspicuous barbs for about four-fifths of their length, but the barbs toward the tip are smaller. . First pair of legs much the longest, second and third pairs subeciual and slightly shorter than the fourth pair. Tarsus I slightly curved, slightly swollen, and very slightly longer than tibia T ; tibia I longer than patella T ; patella I and femur I sub- equal ; tarsus II and tarsus III each almost one and one-half times as long as tibia II and tibia III, respectively; tarsus IV considerably longer than tibia IV; tibia IV but very slightly longer than patella IV. Length, 2.5 mm. ; width, 1.4 mm. Type locality. Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Canal Zone. Type. Cat. No. 953, U. S. N. M. Described from a single specimen taken on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Canal Zone, by Professor W. C. Alice, of the University of Chicago. This large species is quite different from any adult Trouibicula heretofore known from America. It is similar, however, to the second species to be described as new in this paper, from which it is differentiated particularly in the nature of the body setae as indicated in the appended key to the known Trombiculas of the New World. Trombicula peruviana, new species. Color of preserved specimen a light brownish orange. Palpi slender, reaching to about the tips of first femora ; palpal thumb slender, not swollen, and slightly surpassing the palpal claw ; penultimate segment very slender and bearing at its free end the rather small palpal claw which is slightly over one-half as long as the segment bearing it. In addition to the palpal claw, the penultimate segment bears on its inside a comb of three long, approximate spines, the middle of which is larger than the other two. Eyes projecting, with strongly curved corneas and situated far in front of the pseudostigmatic area. Pseu- dostigmatic area large, posterior lobes oval, approximate to median line ; pseudostigmata situated near the lateral margin of pseudostigmatic area ; pseudostigmatic organs, very slender, flagelliform and with a few pectinations. Setae of body very long, especially on the shoulders and posterior margin; barbed conspicuously for about two-thirds their length, but the tips almost bare. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 113 First pair of legs much longer than the others ; tarsus I slightly swollen, almost straight and about one-fourth lor.ger than tibia I ; tibia I clearly longer than patella I ; patelbi 1 and femur I subequal. Tarsus II and tarsus Til about one and one-fourth times longer than tibia II and tibia ITT. respectively. Tarsus IV not swollen, considerably longer than tibia IV. and tibia IV considerably longer than patella TV. Length. 2.5 mm. : width. 1.5 mm. Type Locality. Peru. Type. Cat. Xo. 954. U. S. X. M. Described from a single adult collected in Peru. June. 1920, ("El Campaniento, Col. Perene"). This specimen was sent to the United States Xational Museum from Cornell Uni- versity, by Professor Cyrus R. Crosby. T. peruviana, new species, differs from T. ailed, new species, particularly in the nature of the body setae, as has been stated. Key to the Known Adult Trombiculas of the AYsv ITorhl. A. Eyes present and well developed: setae of body but slightly longer on the posterior margin than on the shoulders, and colored. B. Eyes with strongly convex corneas and situated far in front of base of dorsal groove; length of adults over 2 mm. C. Setae of body shorter and distinctly barbed to the tips, those on the shoulders about half as long as femur I T. alleei, new species. CC. Setae of body longer and indistinct! v barbed to- ward the tips, those on the shoulders about as long" as femur I.. . T. pentt'iana, new species. BB. Eyes with corneas less convex and situated approxi- mate, laterally, to the expanded base of do;>al groove; length of adults about 1 mm. T. irritaus ( Ri 1 , ) . A.\. Eyes vestigial or absent; setae of body usually c< Isider- ably longer on the posterior margin than on the shoulders. 15. Posterior lobes of pseudostigmatic area smaller, more or less angulate and situated immediately behind the pseudostigmata ; body setae not thinner at their tips than elsewhere. ... T. eotire/ata I'.erlese. 1511. Posterior lobes of pseudostigmatic area larger, rounded, and not situated behind the pseudostig- mata; body setae thinner at their tips than else- where T. splendt'iis Ewing. 114 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 A New Acmaeodera from Nevada Infesting Purshia (Col. : Buprestidae). By W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Acmaeodera purshiae, new species. Rather broadly elongate, broadly rounded . in front, more strongly attenuate posteriorly, and moderately convex above (nearly straight below and strongly arcuate above when viewed in profile), strongly aeneous above and beneath, with a feebly brownish tinge, and each elytron ornated as follows : a small round yellow spot at humeral angle, a larger rounded yellow spot at base near scutellum, a broad irregular transverse fascia at basal fourth, a slightly oblique fascia at middle, a similar fascia at apical fourth, and a small oblique fascia at apical sixth, which extends narrowly along the lateral margin to apex, all the fasciae extending from the lateral margin to the first or second stria, the anterior two yellow with the median part red, while the posterior two have the external part red and the internal area yellow. Head nearly flat, with a short longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures' round, rather deep, more closely placed on the front, and from the center of each arises a long, fine, erect hair, the intervals smooth and moderately shining; epistoma broadly and deeply angularly emarginate in front, forming a broadly rounded lobe on each side of the emargination ; antennae serrate from the fifth joint. Pronotum strongly transverse, and moderately convex, one and three-fourths times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than behind, widest just behind the middle, with a broad impression on each side in front of the posterior angles, and a broad, obsolete one in front of the scutellum ; sides feebly arcuately rounded, not flattened, and the margins only visible anteriorly from above ; anterior margin feebly arcuately emar- ginate, with a slightly angulated median lobe ; base transversely truncate ; surface rather densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures rather small and widely separated on the disk, but becoming much larger and more or less confluent toward the sides, and rather densely clothed with very long, fine, erect hairs, the intervals smooth and shining. Elytra moderately convex anteriorly, and feebly flattened on disk toward apex, only slightly wider than pronotum at base, and rectangular at the humeral angles; sides nearly parallel to middle, where they are slightly arcuately expanded, then XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\VS 115 strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly arcuately rounded, with the lateral margins coarsely serrate posteriorly; humeri strongly develo])ed ; surface striato-punc- tate, the striae not impressed on the disk, but becoming deeply impressed toward the apex and sides, with the punctures coarse and distinctly separated in the discal striae, but more or less confluent at the sides, the intervals flat, and from two to three times as wide as the striae on disk (the sutural intervals not expanded anteriorly), with a single row of widely separated punctures from each of which arises a very long, erect, incon- spicuous hair. Abdomen beneath sparsely and not very coarsely punctate on the basal segment, the punctures becoming coarser and more numerous on the apical segments, moderately clothed with long. semierect, cinereous hairs, and the intervals smooth and shin- ing; last segment acutely rounded at apex, with a distinct sub- apical carina. Prosternum rather densely and coarsely punc- tate ; anterior margin with a distinct tooth on each side of the middle; prosternal process convex, and the sides parallel to behind the coxal cavities, twice as wide as the cavities, and broadly rounded at apex. Length, 7-8 mm. ; width, 2.5-3 mm. Type locahi\f Reno, Nevada. Type and paratype. Cat. No. 28323. United States Na- tional Museum. Described from two specimens. The type was cut from a cell in a dead twig of Purshid tridcntata, January 4, 1923, on the slope of Mount Rose, five miles southwest of Reno, Nevada, at an altitude of 5,000 to 6,000 feet, by II. S. I'.arber, and the paratype was reared June 27, 1923, from dead branches of the same plant collected at the type locality by Mr. I'.arber. This plant is locally called "I tuck I'rnsh" and is very abundant on the hills around Reno. Many of the plants show considerable work of this beetle, as well as that of various other species of borers. This species belongs to the siniiafuc group as designated by Fall (Jour. X. Y. Fnt. Soc., Vol. 7. 1S<)9, p. 5), and in his table of this group runs to foiycsi l ; all, from which it differs in having the elytra ornated with distinct transverse yellow and red fasciae. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1926. The Need for Systematic Entomologists. In the News for March, page 93, we published some obser- vations and recommendations of the International Congress of Entomology held at Zurich last July to the effect that present means are inadequate for the exact determination of the immense number of insects of which Applied Entomology must take cognizance ; everywhere the systematic specialist is over- burdened and his load has become intolerable ; neither Sys- tematic nor Applied Entomology has yet received due recogni- tion in academic circles ; that the teaching of Systematic Ento- mology at Universities be adequately provided for by the estab- lishment of chairs especially devoted thereto; that meritorious systematic work should be regarded as qualifying candidates for ordinary and advanced degrees at Universities ; that immedi- ate steps should be taken to increase the number of entomologi- cal assistants, both systematic and technical, in Museums and that this should be done in a manner proportionate to the amount of specific work entailed. In his address on "The Smithsonian Institution, its Func- tion and its Future" delivered before the American Association for the Advancement - of Science, Jan. 1, 1926, and published in Science for Feb. 5, Dr. Austin H. Clark said (p. 153) : "It is the duty of the Bureau of Entomology to protect us from the ravages of insect pests. But work in economic ento- mology requires as a starting point an accurate identification of the insect to be studied. . . . The accurate identification of an insect is by no means a simple matter. In the first place there are more than six hundred thousand different kinds of insects known . . . new kinds are being described at the rate of about six thousand every year. . . . Unless one happens to be an expert in the particular group concerned it is almost hopeless to attempt to trace out [a given insect] . . . Many insects, sometimes of widely different habits, are so very similar that it is practically impossible to distinguish them with- out an actual comparison by an expert with specimens in a ref- erence collection. . . \Ye can see from all this that economic entomology must have the services of a staff of competent men 116 XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 trained to note the differences between the various kinds of insects. The Smithsonian proposes to aid in maintaining such a staff of workers in pure research. As a natural corollary to this work, the Smithsonian will publish monographs in wiiich the widely scattered information will he presented as the basis for efficient advance. The entomologists clearly recognize the existence of a short- age of systematists and the necessity for supplying the demand. Can those having" the power to meet this need be made to see the present difficulties of the situation and provide a living wage for each of those human beings who are willing and desirous of devoting themselves to insect taxonomy? Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE Personal Mention. Science for Feb. 12, 1926, stated that Prof. G. F. Ferris, of the department of entomology of Stanford University, has returned to the University with a collection of plants and insects from Tres Marias, a group of islands off the west coast of Mexico, and that Dr. Raymond C. Shannon, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomol- ogy, left for Buenos Aires on Jan. 30, where he is going to study the mosquitoes of the region under the auspices of the Argentine government. Mr. Chas. T. Greene, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, has gone to Panama to make a special study of the fruit flies and particularly Anastrcpha. He expects to be there for about three months. "Butterflies of California." The work which is in process of publication under this title bears promise of issuance in about three months. When com- pleted, it will contain over sixty full page colored plates and numerous half tone figures. Fifty-one of these color plates are now completed. Sets of these plates which included Xos. 2 to 38 were distributed to important Libraries, Museums, and specialists in the United States and Canada, and the individual plates, as far as published, are on sale at the Dawson Hook- Shop, 627 So. Grand Avenue, Los Angeles. Dr. John Adams Comstock, the author, who has for six years been the Director of the Southwest Museum has resi-iu-d from 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 that position and reentered the practice of medicine. He will retain the post of Honorary Curator of Entomology, and his numerous other scientific, connections, and thus have more time at his disposal to devote to the study of the lepidoptera. Mr. Charles L. Haskell succeeds Dr. Comstock as Director of the Southwest Museum. Cocoon Spinning (Hymen.: Parasitica). Last August (1924), a big lima larva broke out in para- sites and it was pleasing to watch the tiny things spin cocoons. The head of the translucent, whitish grub makes a break in the green skin of its host, pushes through, and, moving from side to side, gradually works its way out. The caudal end of the little creature rests on the big worm, the body bends over and the spinneret begins to work : the cocoon being started at the lower end. The head moves up a certain distance and a strand of silk comes out, the head goes down and the loop is fastened. The process reminds one of pulling taffy. From side to side the weaving goes on until it extends up well above the spinner's head, like a netted wall standing up in front of the worm. One larva seemed to make six loops each way and another turned after every ninth loop. When spinning this coat there is a certain degree of regularity: each loop seems to be of the same length .but they are not joined to the preceding row very exactly and it looks like a curly mass of white rather than a network when completed. At the summit the insect makes a few circles, making the loops completely around one way, then turning the head and making them completely around the other way. It thrusts its head through this circle, crawls in and down until its head reaches the place where the spinning was begun. Its back is now covered with the dainty, fuzzy tangle of threads. For an instant the larva is standing on its head, but is apt to drop over, so the bare venter is next the back of the lima. The larva stoops over, resumes spinning- and makes the second side of the outer part of the cocoon in precisely the same manner as the first, only fastening the rows on the sides to the other portion each time before it turns. Next a few little stitches are made at the end and a few short stitches down to or below the center: a long stitch is drawn up to the top. Again little stitches go down and one long one comes up. The one-half is gone over in this fashion, then the larva turns around and weaves at the other end in the same way. 15 y this time it is getting pretty well tied up xxxvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 119 in a cage and it is not easy for the eye to follow its move- ments. But to see how the small ichneumon wove the outer coat crosswise, joining- it lengthwise and the next coat it wove lengthwise, joining it across the middle, was interesting. The old luna must be a patient creature as it hangs for days while fifty or more of these active worms come through its skin and weave their nests. If the luna would shake a bit, they would all tumble off, for after the spinning is started they are never closely attached to the host. This big worm is covered with wounds, some of them soon get black, perhaps it feels too sick to be anything but quiet. N. McMuRRAY, Clearfield, Pennsylvania. Occurrence of Morellia podagrica Lw. in North America. (Dip.: Muscidae). On June 27, 1924. I collected a male of the above European species at Marshfield, Oregon : and on July 25 I collected a male and a female at Summit Station, Montana, at the south edge of Glacier National Park, altitude 5200 feet. After identifying the species, being impressed by the wide distance between the two localities, it occurred to me to examine the western material of the common nearctic Morellia /ttieans Mcq. in the National Museum ( now including my own western material), to see if the species had not been previously collected, and not noticed. However, I found no mixture of podagrica in the collection ; the three specimens mentioned are all I know from North America, and it will have to pass as a coincidence that I found it twice on a single western trip after collecting in the West for the greater part of the last thirty years. The genus Morellia has been discussed and tabulated by Mai- loch in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1923, 520. From Pyrdlia it differs in having no ventral bristle on the mid- dle tibia. Our two nearctic species (there are several neo- tropical ) differ in the male by such striking characters that they are very easily separatee!. In micans the male middle tibia is thickened apically, warped so as to be concave length- wise behind, and has on its outer edge a row of delicate dense upright cilia, longer near the base ; the hind tarsus has on the upper surface a row of upright hairs about twice as Ion- as the thickness of the segments. In podagrica. a noticeably larger species, the tip of the middle femur has a tuft of stout bristles situated on a swelling : the middle tibia is slender at the extreme base, then suddenly expanded into a hump on the outer side at one-sixth its length, which bears numerous small 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 spiny hairs turned backward. The hump gradually diminishes toward the tip of the tibia, and there are some short, erect, spiny hairs all along the outer edge. The hind tarsus does not have striking hairs above. The females are not easily separated. I identified my Mon- tana specimen from collecting it with the male and not getting males of inicans at the same time. I have seen but one European female, which is extremely like that of our abundant mica us. Podagrica was described by Loew in Wiener Ent. Monats- schrift, I, 45, 1852, as a Cyrt one nra. J. M. ALDRICH, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, "Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. 4 Canadian Entomologist. 6 Journal, New York Ent. Soc. 7 Annals, Entomological Society of America. 10 Proc., Ent. Soc. Washington. 19 Bull., Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 55 The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 77 Comptes Rendus, Soc. Biologic, Paris. 78 Bull. Biol. France et de la Bel- gique. 108 Joifr. Washington Acad. Sci. Ill Archiv f. Naturg., Berlin. 133 Jour. Experimental Zool. 135 Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 154 Zoolog. Anzeiger. GENERAL. Baerg, W. J. Effect of the venom of some supposedly poisonous arthropods of the can'al zone. 7, xviii, 471-8. Casey, T. L. Obituary by F. E. Blaisdell. 55, ii. 90-1. Cushman, R. A. Location of individual hosts versus systematic relation of host species as a determining factor in pamsitic attack. 10, xxviii, 5-6. Herms, W. S. Entomo- logical observations on Farming's and Washington Islands, XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEW- 121 together with general biological notes. 55, ii, 49-54. Roh- wer, Baker & Ball. Entomological taxonomy: its aims and failures. 108, xvii, 53-67. Weiss, H. B. The insects of the Panchatanatra. 6, xxxiii, 223. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.- Gatenby, J. B. Spermatogenesis in spiders and the chromo- some hypothesis of heredity. Nature, cvii, 233-4. Hilton, W. A. Some remarks on the peripheral nervous system of insects. 7, xviii, 537-42. Pagden, H. T. Parthenogenesis in Methoca ichneumonides. Nature, cxvii, 199. Sokolska, J. Les heterochromosomes pendant la spermatogenese de araignee domestique (Tegenaria domestica). Bui. Intern. Acad. Polon. Sci. et Let., 1925, (B), 477-91. Weber, H.- Das problem der gliederung des insektenthorax. 154, Ixv, 233-48. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Barrows, W. M. -Modification and development of the arachnid palpal claw, with especial reference to spiders. 7, xviii, 483-525. Larson, A. O. Further notes on human sufferings caused by mites, Pediculoides ventricosus. 55, ii, 93-5. Millot, j. Con- tribution a histophysiologie des araneides. 78, Suppl., viii. 238 pp. Pavlovsky, E. N. Studies on the organization and development of scorpions. V. The lungs. 135, Ixx, 135-46. Turchini et Millot. Sur la fluorescence en lumiere ultra- paraviolette filtree (lumiere de Wood) des glandes serici- genes et de certains elements figures du sang des araignees. -77, xciv, 171-73. (N) *Chamberlin R. V. Notes on some centipeds and arachnids from the Carlsbad cave of New Mexico. 10, millipeds from Utah. 55, ii, 55-63. *Crosby, C. R. Some xxviii, 1-5. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Hand- schin, E. -- Subterrane colletmbolengesellschaften. - - 111, 1925. A. 1, p. 119-38. Wachter, S. Hatching of the eggs of Peripsocus californicus. 55, ii, 87-9. (N) *Ferris, G. F. The mallophagan family Menoponi- dae. Parasitology, xviii, 1-3. (S> *Snyder, T. E. Five new termites from Panama and Costa Rica. 10, xxviii, 7-16. ORTHOPTERA. Davis, W. T. Grasshopper Melano- plus differentialis on Staten Island, X. N". 19, xx. 199. Kloska, T. Das haemolymphysystern in kopte von I'latta 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 orientalis. Bui. Intern. Acad. Polon. Sci. et Let., 1924, (B), 461-67. Kuhl, W. Die variabilitat der abdomenalen koer- peranhange bei Forficula aitricularia, 154, Suppl., 1. p. 145-52. Weiss, H. B. Cockroaches for tetanus and indiges- tion. 6, xxxiii, 232. HEMIPTERA. Abbott, C. E. Associative memory in the larvae of Anax junius. 7, xviii, 533-6. Beamer, R. H. Notes on the oyiposition of some Kansas cicadas. 7, xviii, 479-82. Morrison, H. Scale insects. Sci. Month., 1926, 243-46. Weiss, H. B. Distributional records of Corn- stock's mealy bug in N. J. 6, xxxiii, 237. (N) Ferris, G. F. Observations on the Chermidae. 4, Iviii, 13-20. *Gillette & Palmer. Two n. sps. of the genus Lachnus 7, xviii. 526-32. *Knight, H. H. New Rhina- cloa and three new sps. of Lepidopsallus (Miridae). 19, xx, 225-8. *Teague. M. M. Review of the genus Aclerda (Coc- cidoidea). 7, xviii. 432-44. (S) *Metcalf & Bruner. Membracidae of Cuba. 19, xx. 203-214. LEPIDOPTERA. Barber, G. W. Observations on the response of adults of the European corn borer to light in egg laying. 7, xviii, 419-31. Bell, E. L. Hylephila phy- laeus. 19, xx, 231. Gerould, J. H. Inheritance of olive- green and blue-green, variations appearing in the life-cycle of a butterfly, Colias philodice. 133, xliii, 413-28. Hamlin, J. C. Note on opuntia insects. 55, ii, 54. Harrison & Gar- rett. Induction of melanism in the lepidoptera and its sub- sequent inheritance. Proc. R. Soc. London, (B), xcix, 241-63. Learned, E. T. Notes on the early stages of Estig- mene prima (Arctiidae). 4, Iviii, 1-2. Rogers, W. P. Note on Pieris rapae and Brephos infans. 19, xx, 228. Wood, W. C. Hints on mounting lepidoptera. 19, xx. 229-31. (N) Barnes & Benjamin. New U. S. lepidoptera records with notes. 10, xxviii, 16-21. *Barnes & Benjamin. Changes in the synonymy of L. arising from examination of some types in the Brooklyn Museum. (Phalaenidae iv Pyralidae). 19, xx, 189-99. '*Barnes & Benjamin. Notes on Lophoceramica artega (Phalaenidae). A new pyralid from California, with notes on Decaturia pectinalis (Pyra- lidae). The hyperboreus group of Hepialus (Hepialidae ). -55, ii, 63; 64; 81-4. Bell, E. L. Remarks on Myscelus epigona and Eudamus casica (Hesperiidae). 6, xxxiii. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 227-32. *Engelhardt, G. P. Studies of X. A. . \eger iidae.- 19, xx, 215-17. Meyrick, E. Genera insectorum. Fa.-r. 184, 290 pp. Heterocera. Fam. Gelechiaclae. *Nakahara, W. Some Rhopalocera of eastern U. S., including three new forms. 19, xx, 221-4. DIPTERA. Harnisch, O. Vergleichemlc studien ueber den eisenstoffwechsel der chironomidenlarven. 154, Suppl., 1, p. 96-104. Kemper, H. Morphogenetische untersuchung des tracheensystems von Psychoda phalaenoides. (Aus dem Zool. Inst. der Westfael. Wilhelms-Univ. zu Muenster i. W., Zoologie, 34 pp. Liang, S. Morphologic des hypo- pygiums, der mannlichen genitaldruesen und des verdau- ungs-sy stems von Thaumastoptera calceata (Tipulidae). Ill, 1925, A, 1, p. 1-31. Simm, K. Phytomyza lateralis. Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der morphologic und biologic. Bui. Intern. Acad. Polon. Sci. et Let., 1924, (B), 735-52. Sturte- vant, A. H. Seminal receptacles and accessory glands of the diptera, with special reference to the acalypterae. 6, xxxiii, 195-215. Zuercher, L. Dr. L. Zuercher's dipterrn- ausbeute aus Paraguay. 111, 1925, A, 1, p. 34-45. (N) Johannsen, O. A. Beris quadridentata Walker (Stratiomyidae). 19, xx, 214. COLEOPTERA. Hatch, M. H. Habitats of coleop- tera. 6, xxxiii, 217-23. Kirk & Knull. Annotated list of the coleoptera of Pennsylvania. 4, Iviii, 21-26. von Lenger- ken, H. Beeinflussung des lebenszyklus von Tenebrio molitor durch aeussere faktoren. 154, Suppl., 1, p. 132-5. Pieron, H. La persistance a obscurite clu rythine lumineux du lampyre. La Feuil. des Natural.. Paris, xlvi. 186-88. Strouhal, H. Missbildungen bei einer coccinellidenlarve. 154, Ixv, 113-16. Van Dyke, E. C. Where to find Zacotus matthewsi. 55, ii, 95. (N) *Blaisdell, F. E. Studies in the Alelvridac. V. 4, Iviii, 8-13. *Blaisdell, F. E. A Xew Melanastus from Texas. (Elateridac). 10, xxviii, 22-23. *Blaisdell, F. E. Revised check-list of the sps. of Eleodes inhabiting America, north of Mexico, including Lower California and adjacrm islands. 55, ii, 77-80. *Brown, W. J. New sp. of Syrigo- (U-rmella (Scarabaeidae). 19, xx, 200-2. *Champlain' & Knull. Two new X. A. coleoptera. ( Buprestidae and Cerambycidae). 7, xviii, 469-70. *Hatch & Angel A ne\\ N. A. Necrophorus. 6, xxxiii, 216. *Schaeffer, C. XYw sps. and var. of N. A. Cassidini (Chrysomelidae I. 6, xxxiii, 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 233-7. *Schott, F. M. On some C. in New Jersey. 6, xxxiii, 224-5. '*Van Dyke, E. C. New sps. of Carabidae in the subfamily Harpalinae, chiefly from western N. A. 55, ii, 65-76. HYMENOPTERA. Lo Liu, C. Observations on the acroglossal buttons and on the submentum of hymenoptera. 7, xviii, 445-55. Lczinski, P. Ueber die spinndruesen der wespenlarven. I. Entwickelung und anatomic. Bui. Intern. Acacl. Polon. Sci. et Let., 1924 (B). 715-34. Weiss, H. B.- The bee, the wasp, the ant, insects of the physiologus. 6, xxxiii, 238-42. SPECIAL NOTICES. Report of the international conference of phytopathology and economic entomology. Holland, 1923. This report of 290 pp. is of special interest to economic entomologists, but the following papers therein are among those which may be of interest to others: Contribution a 1'etude cle la famille "Aphididae Pass." Par L. Gaumont ; Die anatomischen und mikrochemischen veraenderungen des kartoffelleptoms. Von Dr. von Brehmer. (The report contains for the most part papers on potato pests.) CONCERNING THE HABITS OF INSECTS. By F. BALFOUR- BROWNE, M. A., etc., Lecturer in Zoology (Entomology) in the University of Cambridge. Cambridge at the University Press 1925. 7>4 x 5 inches, pp. x, 169, 9 pis., 2 maps, 4 text figs.. 6s. net. "This book is the outcome of a course of lectures 'adapted to a juvenile auditory' delivered at the Royal Institution during the Christmas holidays 1924. Its object is not so much to describe the life histories of various insects as to explain how these life histories were worked out, in the hope that others may be encouraged to do similar work." The methods employed and the histories studied are based very largely on the author's own researches, which have been published in various scientific journals. It would have added much to the usefulness of the present well-written and entertaining- volume if references to the places of publication of these researches had been given. In Lecture I, Insect Collecting and What it may lead to, dealing with the general and local distribution of aquatic beetles in tin 1 British Isles, the author has sketched his own entomological biography and how he was led to study problems of insect com- munities and of geographical distribution. Lecture IT, The XXXVJi, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL .MOWS 125 Habits of Bees and Wasps, is suggestive of methods for rear- ing, observing and experimenting" with a few of the attract ur solitary species. Lecture III, The Habits of Caterpillars, is literally strung upon threads of their silk, tracing the develop- ment of shelters made by caterpillars which herd together from a mere carpet, then as a general web spread indefinitely over the food material and then as a definite fixed home. The author was, we believe, the first to publish the complete life-history of any dragonfly from egg to imago (I 'roc. Zool. Soc. London, 1909, pp. 253-285). It is very appropriate, therefore, that Lecture IV is on The Habits of the Dragonfly, wherein the main outlines of his findings are retold, with additions and comparisons from other sources, and with, as in the other lectures, suggestions as to problems still to be elucidated. Mr. Balfour-Browne also first worked out the complete life history of Dytiscits lapponicus and so The Habits of the Water Beetle forms the subject matter of Lecture V, including also Hydrophilus piccns, Hydrous caraboidcs and Donacia. Empha- sis is laid on the fact that "as in the case of the dragonflies, dif- ferences in structure and habit may occur in closely related forms, differences which frequently appear to be so trivial and yet which mean a great deal to the insects themselves in the way that they fit into the communities to which they belong." "It may well be asked by some of those who have listened to the earlier lectures of this course, What is the use of all the work which has been described? And I can answer without any feeling of shame that, so far as I know, the work is of no use whatever and that my only object in undertaking it was that I was curious and wanted to know how the insects lived. "I believe that there is still an ancient Physical or Mathe- matical Society which, at its annual banquet, drinks the follow- ing toast : 'Here's to the Society ; let no one ever do anything that is of any use to anybodv.' This sounds a very selfish, unchristian wish but it ( is the true scientific attitude to do the work for the work's sake and never mind whether or not it is going to be useful. "But a large amount of work done for its own sake turns out to be of use and, although we seldom recognise what we owe to the humble naturalist, he has contributed largely to our herdth and comfort." In these paragraphs Lecture VI, The Habits of Insects and the Work of Man. opens and it continues with illustrations of the last sentence quoted which are much more familiar to u- in America than many of the relations described in the preced- ing lectures insects of importance in agriculture, the mosquito 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 and malaria and yellow fever, Havana and Panama, parasitic insects and the balance of nature. Although originated for a "juvenile auditory", the book has not been "written down" and no adult 'need scorn its style or its contents. ' The insects described, although British, are not viewed from any local standpoint but interpreted in a broad, biological way. The summary and the quotations given above justify the belief, we hope, that this is "a different kind of book" and one which is well worth reading. P. P. CALVERT. OBITUARY. EDWARD ALBERT BUTLER, author of A Biology of the British Hcmiptera-Hct croft era, "a landmark in the progress of the ecological study of the Hemiptera and destined to become a classic of the subject," died at Clapham, England, November 20, 1925. He was bom at Alton, Hants, March 17, 1845. From 1865 to 1919 he taught, or was vice-principal, in schools in Hastings and Tollington, London. His interest in the Ilemip- tera was due to the suggestion of Edward Saunders, after whose death in 1910 he became the foremost authority on Brit- ish Heteroptera. His interest lay entirely in biology and life histories, not at all on the systematic side. His collections have been acquired by the British Museum of Natural History. A portrait accompanies an obituary notice in the Entomologists' Monthly Magazine for Jan., 1926, and another notice is in the same month's Entomologist. The death of DR. SIGMUND EXNER in Vienna, on February 6, was announced in Science for February 26. According to Who's Who in Science International 1913, he was born in 1846, educated at Vienna and Heidelberg, professor of physiology in the University of Vienna and was a Hofrath and an Ober- sanitatsrath. To entomologists he was well known for his work Die Physiologic dcr facet tirteu Augcn i'on Krcbscn und I- scktcn, Wien, F. Deuticke, 1891. Some of his earlier papers on vision by compound eyes are listed in Packard's Tc.vtbook of Entomology \>. 263. The frontispiece of his book of 1891 is an XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 actual photographic print of the imago of a window and a church steeple seen through it, as obtained by a camera and a microscope attached to the lenses and crystalline cones of an eye of Hydrofkilus. He distinguished between appositional and superpositional images formed by compound eyes of insects in day and at night respectively, and gave figures showing the different positions occupied by the pigment in these two kinds of eyes. In the NEWS for July, 1925, p. 224, the death of Prof. G. M. GKASSI was recorded. From an address delivered in his honor by Prof. F. Silvestri* we summarize his career as fol- lows. Grassi was born in Rovellasca, Province of Como, March 27, 1854, was educated in schools at Saronno and Como. at the Universities of Pavia under Golgi, Messina under Kleinenberg, Heidelberg under Gegenbaur and Biitschli and \\urzburg under Semper. In the autumn of 1883 he was made professor of zoology, anatomy and comparative physiology in the I'niversity of Catania and in 1895 he was called to that of Rome. From his earliest studies on intestinal worms he proceeded to those on protozoa (especially of termites), on the misdeeds of the flies (Malefizi delle Mosche 1883) as carriers of eggs of worms and of spores of fungi, on the embry- ology of the bee, the morphology and phylogeny of the Arthro- pods, the biology of Termites, on the connection of malaria with AnopJiclcs, the life history of Phlebotomns, on Phylloxera in Italy, as well as important researches on Chaetognaths, the development of the vertebral column and of marine eels. From 1908 on he was a member of the Italian Senate. In his study of the embryology of the bee he made use of the method of sections, then relatively new. and asserted the bipolar origin of the encloderm, from an anterior and a pos- terior plate in opposition to the views then held of its origin from yolk cells, lietween 1884 and 1880 he made a complete study of the Thysanura, leading to the conclusion that they are the most primitive insects, of Scolopendrella and of the arachnid which he discovered and described as Kocncnia * Onoranze a Battista Grassi Discorso dd I'mt". Filippn Silvoiri. Roma Tipografia del Scnato 1925. 47] >p. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '26 mirabilis. For his work with the aid of Sandias, on the con- stitution and development of the society of termites, together with his studies on the Muraenoid eels, he was awarded the Darwin gold medal of the Royal Society of London. He be- lieved himself to have shown that the neoteinic or complemental royalties of Termites become such in consequence of a special diet to which they are subjected by the workers. In 1898- 1900, he gave especial attention to the malarial problem, show- ing that all the Italian species of Anopheles (but not of Citlc.r, Plilebotoinns or Mycterotypns) propagate malaria and fol- lowed the entire cycle of development of Plasmodium in Anopheles clavigcr, rinding it to be identical with that described by Ross for Proteosoina. His results of this period are summed up in his Studi di uno zoologo sidla malaria (1900), followed by a second, enlarged edition in 1901, which appeared also in German. In 1917 he returned to the malaria problem on which he continued to publish to the time of his death, on May 5, 1925. JOHN L. HEALV of Chicago, Illinois, passed away very sud- denly on January 22, 1926. He was born at Bolton, Vermont, May 12, 1864, but spent his youth at Belleville, Illinois, remov- ing to Chicago in 1882. He was an enthusiastic collector of Lepidoptera from boy- hood and often recounted his experiences in Belleville. His present collection was started about 1891. Mr. Healy formerly had many correspondents but, owing to ill health, his activities lapsed for a time, although he always kept in touch with local collectors. During the last three or four years, when his health improved somewhat, he devoted considerable time to his own collection. A year or two ago he transferred it to the Chicago Academy of Sciences reserving the right to work with it at will and it now passes into the hands of the Academy without qualification. He was one of the organizers of the Chicago Entomological Society in 1899, and at the time of his death was its presiding officer. He will be missed by the local Entomologists for a long time to come. He left surviving him his wife and two children, both married. ALEX. K. WVATT. MA.Y, 1926 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXVII No. 5 - MAY 3 1926 CONTENTS Maxson and Hottes A New Tribe and a New Species in the Subfamily Pemphiginae (Homop. : Aphididae) . 129 Cockerell Entomological Experiences in South America 133 Barnes and Benjamin Types of North American Lepidoptera in the. Natural History Museum, -Vienna 13U Thysanoptera Collecting Kit 140 Felt A New Predaceous Midge on Roses (Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae) . 141 Ewing Two New Spider Mites (Tetranychidae) from Death Valley, California (Acarina) 142 Knight Teaching Elementary Entomology in the United States and Canada . . . . 144 Raymond and Elnora Shannon A Dipterological Tour in Europe . . 149 Gunder A New and Inexpensive Lining for Insect Boxes 152 Editorial Anniversary Congratulations to Vienna 153 75th Anniversary, Zoological-Botanical Society 153 Personal Mention 154 Bates A Generic Correction ('Lepidoptera) 154 Painter Notes on the Prey of Asilidae (Dipt.) 154 Entomological Literature 155 Review of R. Torres Rojas' Estudios Entomologicos Lepidopteros. . . 160 Obituary Louis Bartholomew Woodruff 160 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1 1-03, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I ' f \ 1 ^ -, < <, - published mohthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. : Philip 1 P. Calyert, -Ph.D., Editor ;- E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor ; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. Advisory Committee : Ezra T. Cresson, Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions . . $3.00 Canada, Central and South America . 3.15 Foreign . . . ... . . 3.25 Single copies 35 cents ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page,, $ 8.00 Ten issues " 11.00, " 20.00, 35.00, 70.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. 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Prdof will be sent to authors when requested. Twenty-five "extras", of an author's contribution, without change in form and without cp'vers, wilt, be ,.-given free when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five, copies are .desired this, should be stated on the MS. Owing to increased cost pf labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the" necessary blocks, or pay in advance the cost of making blocks and pay for the cost of printing plates. Infprmation as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Bloqks furnished or paid for by au- thors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. STATED MEETINGS Of The American Entomological Society will be. held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and. December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty- fire given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies. $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty -five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copiet, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater number! f copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate V. GEORGIA GILLETTE! N. SP.-MAXSON AND HOTTES. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XXXVII MAY, 1926 No. 5 A New Tribe and a New Species in the Subfamily Pemphiginae (Homop. : Aphididaej. A. C. MAXSON & F. C. HOTTES, University of Minnesota. (Plate V.) In 1911, Wilson (1) erected the genus Georgia for itlini a new species of aphid from the elm. Raker (2) placed Georgia in the tribe Eriosomatini. The senior author (3) following Baker also placed this genus in the tribe Eriosomatini. Later, after having examined Wilson's type and material from Iowa, representing an undescribed species of Georgia, it became apparent that this genus did not belong in the tribe Eriosomatini. Neither did it fit in any other tribe of the subfamily Pemphi- ginae. Therefore, a new tribe has been erected for the accom- modation of Georgia including Wilson's ulini and the species described as new in this paper. GEORGIINI nei\.' tribe. This tribe differs from Eriosomatini, to which it is ciosely related, in having all generations produced on one host ; in having the sexuals produced by the 3rd generation which has been produced in the pseudo-gall formed by the stem mother; in the venation of the hind wing; and in the structure of the antennae and wax pores. Characters: Antennae of fundatrix five-segmented. Cornicles slightly raised rings. Wax pores composed of irregularly shaped areas and bands; made up of many small several-sided facets. Rudimentary gonapophyses wanting. Fundatrigenia apterous. Antennae six-segmented. \Ya.\ pores similar in structure to those of the fundatrix. Cornicles as in fundatrix. Rudimentary gonapophyses wanting. Sexuparae alate ; Anten- nae six-segmented; secondary sensoria weakly developed, nol encircling the segments. Fore wing with M usually once forked, sometimes simple. Hind wing with M well developed ; Cn absent or obsolete over part of its length. Cornicles as in the fundatrigenia. Rudimentary gonapophyses absent. 129 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (May, '26 Georgia gillettei n. sp. The type material was collected by Prof. J. E. Guthrie, June 18, 1924 on Ulnnis aiiicricana, at Ames, Iowa. It was also col- lected by the junior author on the same host on May 24, 1924, May 30, 1924, and June 6, 1924. At these times it was quite common in the vicinity of Ames. Numerous attempts were made during the spring' and summer of 1925 to collect more material but without success. This species works on the under side of the leaves causing them to curl, thus forming a pseudo-gall within which the aphids may he found in large numbers. The leaves at the terminal ends of the branches seem to be preferred. Description. Fundatri.r: General color greenish-blue which is somewhat softened by the presence of a down-like pulveru- lence which covers the head, thorax and abdomen. Antennae yellowish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown. Antennae five-seg- mented. ( Fig. A ) Segments IV and V bear transverse rows of small, dark tubercles each terminating in a short spine. Permanent sensoria at the distal end of IV and at base of spur without fringe of cilia. Wax pores on base of head, seg- ments of the thorax and segments I to VIII of the abdomen, composed of many small, several-sided facets ; not bordered by chitinous ring. Those on segments VII and \ III of the ab- domen form an unbroken band reaching the lateral margins of the abdomen. On the remaining segments of the abdomen and the thorax, these bands are broken into more or less irreg- ularly formed areas, four to a segment. The wax pores on the lateral margins of the prothorax are much larger than the two dorsal ones. The latter are usually bordered in front by dark, more or less crescent-shaped spots. Two large wax pores are present on the base of head (Fig. G) nearly meeting at center line. Cornicles slightly raised rings, weakly devel- oped, indistinct. Beginning a short distance above the buccal lobe and extend- ing over the front there is a dark, olive-brown area. This area begins narrowing a short distance back of the base of the head. Frequently this narrow portion is forked. In either case it separates the two wax pores on the base of the head. Eye tubercles dark brown. Beak, subgenital plate, anal plate and cauda, brown. Measurements: Body 2.6mm long, 1.7mm wide. Relative lengths: Antennal segments; 1, 4.5; II, 4.0; III, 12.0; IV, 4.5; XXXvii/'26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 V, 3.5. Beak reaching 2nd coxae ; terminal segment equal to or longer than hind tarsi. Front femur, 14; tibia, 18; tarsus, 5: Center femur, 15; tibia, 22; tarsus, 6: Hind femur, 19; tibia, 26.5 ; tarsus, 6.5. Fundatrigcnia: Apparently the young of the stem mother are all apterous. These apterous, viviparous females ( funda- trigenia) give birth to the sexuparae. General color greenish-blue. Head, thorax and abdomen clothed with down-like pulverulence. Antennae (Fig. Ci six- segmented ; no secondary sensoria, segments bearing several bristle like hairs. Permanent sensoria on Y and VI without fringe of cilia. Cornicles (Fig. E) raised rings; distinct; on slightly raised cones surrounded by a circle of bristles on small tubercles. Beak reaching to the third coxae. Cauda broadly rounded. (Fig. F) Wax pores on thoracic segments and seg- ments I to VII of the abdomen. Those on the abdominal seg- ments VII and VIII form a continuous band reaching lateral margins. On other segments of the abdomen and the thorax the wax pores are more or less irregular in form. Four to a segment. Eyes three- faceted. Measurements: Length of body, 1.2mm; width, ./mm. Rela- tive lengths: Antennal segments, I, 3.0; II, 3.25; III, 10.5; IV, 4.5 ; V, 6.5 ; VI, 5.5. Front femur, 15.5 ; tibia, 1S.O ; tarsus, 6.0; Middle femur, 17.5; tibia, 24.5; tarsus, 6.75: Hind femur, 20; tibia, 24.5; tarsus, 7.5. Sexupara: General color: head greenish-brown, lightly pul- verulent; eyes brownish-black; antennae yellowish-brown. Thorax greenish-brown, lightly pulverulent. Legs yellowish- brown, tarsi slightly dusky. Abdomen greenish-blue, rathei pulverulent. Antennae ( Fig. H ) six-segmented. Segments III, IV, Y, and VI with slightly raised secondary sensoria; not distinctly annular. Sensoria not encircling the segments, some not as long as the diameter of the joint ; frequently short oval. Number of secondary sensoria; III, 9-16; IV, 3-5; V, 0-4; VI, 0-1. Segments V and VI with well developed, permanent sensoria, membrane raised, constricted at the base. Two or three small sensoria (Fig. L) near large permanent one on VI : membrane raised at center forming a small cone. YT with transverse rows of very short bristles. Y indistinctly imbri- cate. Beak (Fig. 1!) reaching 3rd coxae; apical joint lon-i-r than the hind tarsus (Fig. D) exclusive of claws. \Ying vena- tion variable. M of fore wing normally once forked; occasion- ally M of one or both wings simple. Fork of M usually short. Distance from tip of wing to fork rarely over two-thirds of that to base of stigmal vein. Hind wing with M present ; Cn 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May. '26 wanting or obsolete through a portion of its length. Cornicles, raised rings on slightly raised cones surrounded by a circje of bristles on small tubercles. Caucla broadly rounded. Wax pores on abdomen (Fig. I) composed of many several-sided facets not surrounded by chitinous ring ; on the seventh and eighth segments consisting of a continuous band reaching the lateral margins of the segments and covering nearly their whole length. Other segments with bands broken into four or more areas of irregular shape. There is a small wax pore on the inner posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the mesothorax. not visible in many specimens. Prothorax with two large dorsal pores nearly meeting at the middle of the segment. Lateral pores, if present, indistinct. There is a small oval wax pore on either side of the median line at the base of the head (Fig. M). In many specimens these are very indistinct, possibly wanting in some. Measurements: Body 1.56mm long; .69mm wide. Relative lengths: Antennal segments; I, 3.0; II, 3.5; III. 18.0; IV, 6.0; V, 6.5; VI, 5.0. Front femur, 22; tibia, 27: tarsus, 7: Middle femur, 19; tibia, 30; tarsus, 8: Hind femur, 24; tibia, 37; tarsus, 9. Apical joint of beak, 9.25. Fore wing, 100 long; 36 wide: Hind wing, 60 long, 16 wide. Holotype Sexupara, collected June 18, 1924, at Ames, Iowa, by J. E. Guthrie ; in the collection of the junior author. Comparison of Georgia itlnii and G. gillettei: ulnii gillcttci IV of antennae longer than IV of antennae equal to or V. shorter than V. Secondary sensoria on V, 3 Secondary sensoria on V, to 5, most common number, 3 to 4, most common number 1 to 4. to 2. Terminal joint of beak dis- Terminal joint of beak equal tinctly shorter than hind tarsi, to or longer than hind tarsi. Hind wind with Cu wanting. Hind wing with Cu wanting or obsolete through a portion of its length. LITERATURE QUOTED. 1. 1911. WILSON, H. F. Two New Genera And Seven New Species of the Family Aphididae. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 43, p. 64. 2. 1920. BAKER, A. C. Generic Classification of the XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 Hemipterous Family Aphididae. United Stairs Department of Agriculture Bulletin Xo. 826, p. 67. 3. 1923. MAXSON, ASA CHANDLER. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut, Part IV. The I k-miptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut, Family Aphidi- dae, Subfamily Pemphiginae, p. 314. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Y. Fig. A. Antenna of Fundatrix B. Beak of Sexupara " C. Antenna of Fundatrigenia D. Hind tarsus of Sexupara E. Cornicle of Fundatrigenia F. Cauda of Fundatrigenia " G. Head of Fundatrix H. Antenna of Sexupara I. Portion of wax pore plate of Sexupara J. Hind wing of Sexupara K. Fore wing of Sexupara L. Tip of antennal joint IV Sexupara M. Head of Sexupara Entomological Experiences in South America. (The following are extracts from a letter to the Editor with footnotes added on correcting proof.) You may be interested to hear about our travels, and like to extract a news item for the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. We had a day and a half at Rio de Janeiro on the way down, and visited the Institute Oswaldo Cruz where Dr. C. Chagas showed us all over the place, and explained the truly wonderful work they are doing. I made notes, and hope to write an account of the visit at some later date. 1 When we got to Buenos Aires, July 4, 1925, it was raining hard, and very chilly. There was no collecting to be done, but we were there a week, and later for a few days, and greatly enjoyed meeting the local naturalists. Holmberg, well known for his studies of bees and other things, was extremely cor- dial, and is still actively interested in Entomology, though in was done, and appeared in Nature, Dec. 26. 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 poor health. He expects to write a full account of the Argen- tine Ccrccris, and also to write more on Coclio.vys. At the Buenos Aires Museum I met Brethes, and at the Dept. of Agriculture C. A. Lizer and E. E. Blanchard. Lizer works on Coccidge and has a lot of interesting species to describe. The country is especially rich in Ccroplastcs. I also went to La Plata and visited Carlos Bruch, who has the most beautifully arranged collection of Coleoptera I think 1 ever saw. He also works on ants. He has prepared a mono- graph of certain of the South American Tenebrionidse, with very many beautiful photographic illustrations. The British Musuem sent him materials, which he has made good use of. (.Unfortunately it appears that at present there are no funds for publication. Dr. Bruch also has a very remarkable series of myrmecophiles from nests of Eciton. Leaving Buenos Aires after a week we went north to the Province of Jujuy, where we were most hospitably enter- tained at the Leach Estates at San Pedro de Jujuy. We had to go on mules to the locality for fossil insects at Sunchal, in the Santa Barbara Mountains, east of San Pedro. We had a small tent loaned by the Standard Oil geologists and spent several days in the vicinity of the fossil beds. Sunchal consists of a single miserable ranch, but the surrounding country is very fine and interesting, with enormous trees and flocks of green parrots, but no monkeys, to our regret. It is nearly on the tropic, yet it was cold, and almost half the time we were in a sort of Scotch mist. We were greatly persecuted by Leptus mites and ticks but there were no mosquitoes. In fact, insect life was almost wholly dormant, though I picked up a half frozen Tcrias. A few beetles, etc., could be obtained under stones, and I got a single species of Coccid which 1 think is new.- We had no trouble in finding the fossil bed, which is a greenish shale with a conchoidal fracture. It is a very important and easily recognized formation in this part of the country, and as the age was somewhat in dispute we are glad to be able to establish without question that it is fresh 2 It proves to be Alichtensia attcnuala Hempcl, previously known from Brazil. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 water tertiary. Later studies may place it more definitely. It was a dramatic moment when my wife pulled out a piece of shale on which were the first fossil representatives of Orthop- tera (a grasshopper leg), Heteroptera and l-'ulgoridea ever found in South America. I got representatives of (irvlli'l.r and Forficulidse. The mass of the collection consists of beetle elytra, of which we must have many species. The general run of things suggests the upper Eocene, but it may he more re- cent. \Yhen I got hack to Huenos Aires I left at the Museum there, and also at La Plata, directions for finding these de- posits, and have hopes that the Argentine workers will con- tinue the investigation, which will certainly continue to give important results, as at the Florissant. It is the only locality for Tertiary insects we know of in South America, except that two flies in Amber from Colombia may be of Tertiary age. At San Pedro de Jujuy I caught the only bee I got in Argentine, a species of Cliloralictus just like those of the United States It may be Halictus (Cl parainorio, or damcornm, or new. :: 1 found the Coccid Chrysoin Chains aoniduui quite a pest at San Pedro. There was apparently no mealy bug on the sugar cane but they have a moth borer, I presume Diatraca. After returning to Buenos Aires for a few davs. we left for Mendoza, going almost direct west to the foot of the Andes. Here we spent a few days, and examined the Rhaetic beds at Minas do Petroleo. where Wieland discovered the first fossil insects ever found in South America, namely a fine Ilomop- teron (described as a Tipulid ) and a Dipteron. 4 The fossil plants of this locality were truly magnificent, but all our efforts to find insects failed. It would probably be necessary to work for a long time to get any. Mr. I). ( ). King, of Mendoza. a very keen geologist, accompanied us, and now that he knows the horizon we hope that he will make some discoveries. \Ve crossed the Andes to Valparaiso, enjoying the wonder- ful and beautiful scenery, and took the "Santa Ana" tor Mollendo. I'eru. \Ye collected a little on the hill above Val- "It proved new. 4 This is small and obscure. Tillyard thinks it cannot be Dip- terous. 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 paraiso, but got little of interest and although there were many flowers, no bees were flying. On August 7, we had a few hours at Antofagasta, Chile. One of the passengers remarked that there were no insects to he had there, except fleas. I headed cheerfully for the mountain slopes back of the town, sure that I should find something. I thought I knew deserts, but never had I seen such a one, not a green thing anywhere, except in one place a single young seedling of Mesembryan- themum. It might have been the surface of the moon. With assiduous search I got one Thysanuran, very pale, under a rock, and a single Tineid moth. 5 In a very desert place at Mollendo I later got another Thysanuran ; they seem to be able to live where hardly anything else will. Were the first insects, in Silurian or Devonian times, similar to these in character and habits, and hence never possibly to be found as fossils? In the town at Antofagasta, is a small irrigated area with culti- vated plants, and on the edge of this I got some Tenebrionids, probably local species. These extreme desert conditions prevail along the coast of northern Chile, but eventually -there appears a sand hill and strand vegetation, so that off Ilo, the first place in Peru, I caught a considerable series of moths at the ship's lights. They were not at all tropical in aspect but consisted of Agro- tids, a Pterophorid, a Deilephila and some Geometrids, quite after the fashion of the sand hill fauna in Europe. Arriving at Mollendo, we left the boat to pick up the next one ("Santa Elisa" ) two weeks later. W r e took tickets for Cuzco and . after spending a night at Arequipa, went on to Juliaca near Lake Titicaca. But, unfortunately, I was very ill from soroche, or mountain sickness, when we got to alti- tudes of 13,000 to 14,000 feet, and so we had to return to Arequipa from Juliaca and it took me several days to recover at Arequipa (7550 ft.). Fortunately we found very good quarters at the Wagner Hotel, and every one was extremely kind. We had wondered whether, as the feeling runs so high on the Arica question, there would appear any feeling of 5 A species of Gnorimoschema, as I learn from Mr. Busck. XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 hostility to us as Americans, but we were treated with the greatest kindness and courtesy everywhere. As soon as I was able to get about, we took a street car to Tingo, where there is good collecting gound, and on the first trip got nine species of bees, including a small Hylaeid obtained by my wife, which may prove to represent a new genus. 6 We called on Dr. Escomel, the one naturalist of the town, a very enthusiastic and learned man. He is a very busy physi- cian and does Entomology only as a hobby but he knows his insects well, and has made many discoveries.* On the very morning of the day we first saw him, I had collected Antho- phora cscomeli Brethes at Tingo, and had been severely bitten by the pretty little Siundium cscomeli Roubaud. Me had made a special study of the genus Pscudomdoc in Peru, being inter- ested because it seems that the Incas used them in a medicinal way, as Europeans do Cantharis (Lytta). Dr. Escomel had de- scribed several new species of Pscudomcloc and reviewed those already known, but going out to Tia Baya, beyond Tingo, we were fortunate enough to find another new species, which he had never seen, in numbers. It seems to be confined to a particular species of plant, on which we found it again at Yura. 7 The fauna about Arequipa is a desert one, with distinct Chilean elements, as seen by the appearance of some of the bees, but whether any of the species are identical with those of Chile I could not tell in the field. A very fine Ptiloglossa was common, and at flowers of Opiuitia were many examples of a jet black Lithurgus. 8 Other genera obtained were Thygater, Anthidiwn, MegacJnle (several species), Camptopoeum, Cen- tris, Collctcs, various Halictines, etc. Dr. Escomel showed us what he had, and gave me a number of insects, but evidently the fauna is very limited, for we had captured a large propor- "It forms a very remarkable new genus, with Australian affinities. [*Dr. Escomel is the author of an Essai sitr la Parasitologie d'Arequipa (Peron) ct dc ses cin'iroiis in the Bulletin dc la .S'onV/. 1 dc Pathohxjic c-vutitjue of Paris, Vol. XVII, pp. 906-925, 1924, an ab- stract of which is given in the Rci'inv of .-IppHt'd Entomology, XI11, Series B, p. 35, for March, 1925. Editor.] "It has been described and will be published by Dr. Escomel. It lives on Coldcnia parri flora. 8 Both proved new. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [^lay, '26 tion of the species obtained in years by Dr. Escomel. It seems for instance that there is only one local mosquito, only one Tabanid, and of butterflies only Dionc, Pyraineis, a Pierid, a few skippers, and Escomel had one Papilio of cresphontes type, doubtless coming" in since the days of cultivation. The Sphingids seem to consist of a DettephMa (common) and Phlcgcthontius. I saw only one species of grasshopper. '' \Ye brought back a fair lot of things, however, and with those furnished (and others promised) by Dr. Escomel, it will eventu- ally be possible to get a fair idea of the insect fauna of this locality, very interesting for comparison with our own Arizona and Xew Mexico deserts. One remarkable feature is the absence of ants. I could not find any outside the culti- vated area. Also, I did not see a single mutillid. Leaving Arequipa for the coast, we pass though a broad belt of utter, lifeless desert, but in the lowest slopes (1,000-2,000 ft. ) is a flora which makes the hillsides green, and owes its existence to the sea fogs. I could see bright flowers here and there from the train, and they were not the same as those of the Arequipa desert. This zone we were unable to explore but it would be of very great interest to investigate its fauna and flora. Since we got on the "Santa Elisa," there was little oppor- tunity for collecting. A short stop at Pisco produced a Deiopcia, a male mosquito, 10 and. a few other things in the herbage around a patch of cotton. At Callao< we merely went on to Lima, and saw that city, without reaching any collect- ing ground. I had an hour on the coast of northern Peru, at Paita, and we got several bees. 11 The black ^Icgacliile (M. piitrcnsis) which Townsend discovered at Piura. and which I described from the male, was found at Paita in both sexes. Later we came through the Panama Canal, and at lialboa I met Zetek. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL. A Trimerotropis, determined by Rebn. WAedes scapularis Rondani, determined by Dyar. 11 Four were new. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 Types of North American Lepidoptera in the Natural History Museum, Vienna. By \\'M. I! \K.\ES & F. H. BEXJAMIX, Decatur, Illinois. Dr. H. Zerny has kindly furnished us with a list of the types of North American Lepidoptera in his charge. This \ve pub- lish just as received from Dr. Zerny, believing it will he of interest to others besides ourselves. We note two of Huebner's types listed, and hope that any other authors knowing of the whereabouts of other Huebner types will publish upon them. Verzeichnis der Typen nordamerikanischer Lepidopteren im Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. 1. Papilio aincriciis Koll. 1 <$ Neu- Granada (Sulkowsky). 2. Tcrias ingrata Fold. 3 c?c? Potrero, Mexico (Hedemann). 3. Ercsia archcsilca Fcld. 1 J 1 2 ?? Cordoba, Mexico ( Hedemann ) . 4. Leucochitonea pastor Fcld. 1 d 1 Lerma, Mexico ( Hede- mann), 1 <$ Ypanema ( S. Paulo, Brasilien ) (Natterer). 5. Leucochitonea pnlvcnilcnta Fcld. 2 c&? Orizaba. Mexico ( Hedemann ) . 6. Noctua aprica Hb. (Acontia aprica Tr. ) 1 d ex coll. Mazzola. 7. Sarothnpa nilotica Rglifr. 1 c? 1 ? Ramleh bei Alexandrien (Hornig 1881). 8. Eiiclidia aquamarina Fcld. & Rghfr. 1 c? Californien (ex coll. Lederer). 9. Siculodes fratcrcnla Pagcnst. 1 J 1 Californien (ex coll. Lederer ) . 10. Homophysa fnliniiiaHs Led. 1 d" 1 $ (ex coll. Fichtel). 11. Scybalista rcstionalis Led. 1 ? Brasilien (Natterer). 12. Pilocrocis raincnlalis Led. 1 $ ( Patria ignota). 13. Dichogama Redtenbacheri Led. 1 <$ (ex coll. Paryss), 1 ? (ex coll. Stentz ). 14. Hatys obscitralis Led. 1 c? 1 ? (ex coll. Fichtel). 15. Botys fliictnosalis Led. \ d ( ex coll. I r ichtel). 16. Terastia subjectalis Led. 1 J 1 ( patria ignota i. 17. Crocidophora pustuliferdUs Led. 2 c^d 1 (ex coll. Fichtel). 18. Crocidoplwra tuberculalis Led. 1 c? Tennessee (Poeppig"). 19. Hnfys nuiiiealis Led. 1 and 3J/^ times their diam- eters, respectively. Palpi, the first segment quadrate, the sec- ond l /2 longer than the first and the 3rd and 4th probably longer than the second and nearly equal. Mesonotum fuscous yellow- ish, the submedian lines and scutellum yellowish, post-scutellum fuscous yellowish, abdomen yellowish transparent. Genitalia slightly fuscous, wings hyaline, halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically, legs fuscous yellowish, the pulvilli as long as the strongly curved claws, those of the anterior and mid-legs unidentate. Genitalia, basal clasp segment rather long, mod- erately stout, terminal clasp segment long, slender. Dorsal plate short, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded ; ventral plate short, broadly rounded, sparsely setose apically. ?. Length 1.2 mm. Antennae about half the length of the body, rather thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, 14 segments, the 5th with a stem about one-fourth the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, the latter with a length about 2 l /> times its diameter. Terminal segment somewhat produced with a length 3 times its diameter, the apex narrowly rounded. Palpi, first segment short, irregular, the second with a length about 3 times its diameter, the third twice the length of the 2nd and the 4th as long as the 3rd. Mesonotum dark brown, scutellum yellowish, post-scutellum and abdomen fuscous yellowish : ovipositor short. the lobes slender with a length 3 times the width. Other char- acters practically as in the male. Colors from alcoholic specimens. Type Cecid. A3360, X. Y. State Museum. 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May. '26 Two New Spider Mites (Tetranychidae) from Death Valley, California (Acarina). By H. E. EWING, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. That temperatures much ahove 100 F. are frequently fatal to plant-feeding- arthropods is well known. It is of special interest, therefore, to report two new species of thriving plant- feeding mites from the Death \ alley of California. The mites were taken in the month of August, 1925, at Furnace Creek Ranch, by Mr. Bruce Drummond and transmitted to the Bureau of Entomology by Walter T. Swingle, of the Bureau of Plant Industry. In transmitting the specimens Mr. Swingle states: "I would not be surprised if this would turn out to be an interesting new species and undoubtedly this mite must be able to withstand extraordinary heat conditions, since Weather Bureau recording thermometers show the temperature to go as high as 134 F. in the shade at Furnace Creek Ranch. Mr. Drummond reports that the temperature went up to 124 I 7 , on July \7 and that a dozen or more birds that tried to fly dropped dead on the -ground." Tetranychus thermophilus, new species. 9. Bright red ; shape typical for the genus. Palpi shorter than femur I, stout. Palpal claw medium, strongly curved. Thumb broader than long, yet slightly surpassing the palpal claw; finger of thumb (terminal spine) as broad" as long and evenly rounded distally ; dorsal pectinate spine equal to the finger in length. Mandibular plate evenly rounded in front ; chelicerae very slender, yet about typical for the genus. Abdo- men stout ; setae moderate, simple. Legs of moderate length, but clothed with large setae, those on the posterior tibiae being the longest. Tenent hairs of tarsi of moderate length, with a flattened knob at tip of each, inner two considerably longer than the outer two. Tarsal claw six-cleft, the two inner prongs close together and apparently stouter than the others ; prongs of claw exceedingly fine toward tip and about as long as the outer tenent hairs. Length, 0.57 mm. ; width. 0.32 mm. d 1 . About half as large as female, yellowish to orange. Dorsal palpal spine very sharp and situated on conspicuous tubercle. Tarsal claw I over half as long as tenent hairs, two- cleft to base with one of the elements a little smaller and differ- ently curved from the other : tarsal claw 1 1 same as I ; tarsal claws III and IV similar to those of female, but prongs shorter. Penis short, stout ; without basilar lobe and without terminal XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 barb; inner lobe straight, as in tclarius: shaft twice as stout as inner lobe and terminated with a sharply downcurved and some- what procurved hook which is drawn to a very fine point. Lenth, 0.37 mm.; width, 0.16 mm. Type locality. Death Valley, California. Type j/fe.r Cat. No. 957, U.S.N.M. Described chiefly from male and female on type slide, but in part from several specimens. All material taken at Furnace Creek Ranch, Death Valley, California, August 20, 1925, on greasewood, Coznllia sp., by Mr, Bruce Drummond. The female of this species is similar to red representatives of Tet- rauyclius tclarius Linneus. The males have the tarsal claws of legs I and II similar to those of Tetran\chus borcalis Ewinsr, ' O ' but the genital armature is of an entirely different type from that of any described species of the genus. Petrobia drummondi, new species. General appearance similar to Bryobia; color yellowish brown. Palpi very long, almost as long as femur I ; segment I twice as long as broad; segment T I almost twice as long as broad ; thumb very small ; claw rudimentary. Mandibular plate large, long, broadest at the middle and rounded in front; notch wanting. The chelicerae arise almost at the front margin of the mandibular plate and extend backward for about two-thirds the length of the same, then bend downward and forward. Dorsal surface of body sparsely clothed with stout, pectinate, slightly curved, and in some instances slightly clavate, setae : four of these on the posterior margin are conspicuous. Ante- rior legs much longer than the others; patella over one-half as long as femur; tibia slightly longer than patella; tarsus equal to tibia. Legs II and III equal and shorter than IV. Femur of leg IV slightly enlarged. Length, 0.39 mm. ; width, 0.23 mm. Type locality. Death Valley, California. Type (Holotypc).Cz.\. No. 958, U.S.N.M.- A single specimen included with those of Tctraiivclius tkermopkilus, new species, hence collection data the same as for that species. This species, which is the fourth to 1 e reported for the genus Petrobia f Tetran\china > . in Xorth America, is nearest P. tritici (Kwing). It differs from /'. tritici in having shorter front legs, much longer (over twice a- long) palpi, and larger and stouter dorsal setae. 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 Teaching Elementary Entomology in the United States and Canada. By PAUL KNIGHT, University of Maryland. This paper is the result of a survey the author conducted while at the University of Illinois, in the spring of 1925. There has arisen recently a lively interest in the improvement of teaching- methods in entomology, and this paper will help to bring 1 out a number of points regarding the elementary course. The first step was to conduct a survey among the colleges and universities where entomology is taught. This paper will summarize the results of a questionnaire sent out, with no attempt at drawing conclusions. This questionnaire had several faults which will be brought out later, but will give teachers of their chosen subject an idea of some of the things that are taking place at present. On the whole the results were quite satisfactory, as shown by the extreme interest taken by a number of very well known entomologists. Fifty of these questionnaires were sent out, distributed as widely as possible over the country. In less than a month thirty-nine replies were returned, most of them show- ing thoughtful consideration. It was very gratifying to note that invariably the most careful consideration was from the stronger departments, and those neglecting to answer were, with few exceptions, minor departments. Only one indicated the opinion that the undertaking was not worth while. Nine of the replies were accompanied by letters giving much ad- ditional information. Four valuable replies were received from Canadian institutions. Interest was evinced by such remarks as these : "I am very much interested in this subject"; "I should like to hear from you when you have correlated your replies and results" ; "I believe the subject is an important one"; "My colleagues and I have been very much interested in your recent question- naire." These and many others came from men who have the respect of entomologists throughout the country. Following are the questions and the results compiled from them : XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 Question 7. Is entomology a separate department or is it in the zoology department? Of the total number reporting" there was seventeen separate departments, five departments combined with zoology, and one biology department. The University of California has tin- department of entomology combined with that of parasitology. Question 2. Do conditions in college entomology as you know them need improvement? How would you improve con- ditions ? Not all answered this question, but nineteen stated definitely that conditions need improvement, and only three stated to tin- contrary. Three were indifferent, with such answers as "\\'e prosper," "To a degree," "Xo more than the other sciences." The second part of the question gave room for much individual expression, and showed a varying degree of opinion as to present conditions. They can be summed up in these groups : emphasizing equipment, emphasizing fundamentals, standard- ization, better pre-requisites, popularization of the subject, covering of less material, more teachers, suitable text, good laboratory guide, more time in class, emphasis on the quality of teaching, separate department, emphasis on the collection, getting away from cut and dried formalities. Then- seemed to be quite a reaction towards the popularization of the subject. Question 3. Is entomology a particularly difficult subject to teach ? Most entomologists consider their subject easy to teach, shown by the fact that twenty-six men stated to this effect. Three men considered it difficult at least in a measure. Others \\vre indifferent to the question. "The tremendous number of species, their small size, and the fact that most of tlu- teaching must be done in the dormant season" make entomology difficult to present. Tlr's is the statement of I'rofessor C. L. Metcalf. "Principal difficulty the selection of material from a great in of available data," Professor P. S. Welch. Professor II. M. Parshley thinks a principal difficulty i- getting the students acquainted with a sufficient number of insects. Question 4. How many semesters or quarters does the ele- mentary course cover? How much credit is given? 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ^la, '26 This question showed a great variety of answers, ranging from one quarter of two credits, to two semesters of four credits each. The replies showed the one semester, three credit course most popular. Professor M. H. Swenk was offering the most complete course of any reported. Question 5. Is the time you have sufficient for such a course? If not, what is the most desirable length of time? Twenty-five stated that their time was not sufficient, while eleven answered in the affirmative. Some did not answer. The opinion as to the most desirable length of time varied con- siderably, but in every case where the allotted time was too short there was an indication to this effect. Question 6. Can the elementary course be technical in character and still have strong economic emphasis? This question seems to be causing considerable discussion among teachers of entomology at present, and the questionnaire indicated a strong reaction towards a practical first course, with the view of motivating the student's interest before taking him into the more technical phases. Twenty-four indicated that the elementary course could be economic, while only ten stated to the contrary. Every answer to this question was emphatic. A number of important departments have changed recently from a technical to a practical first course, and are enthusiastic with the results. Others have been using this method for a few years, evidently with success. Question 7. From what angle is your elementary course approached, morphological, systematic, or economic? The replies to this question showed a serious omission from the questionnaire, namely that of the biological, physiological, and ecological phases of the subject, as these are becoming more recognized every day as fundamental parts of our science. The emphasis in the courses reported was varied, and consisted of a variety of combinations. The economic emphasis, and a combination of the systematic, and economic included over half the courses reported, while five more said all three of these points were emphasized. Only one course was mainly system- atic and one morphological. Whatever was left out the tendency was to include the economic. Four men definitely XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 called attention to the omission of the phases previously mentioned, showing clearly that these are becoming 1 taught more than ever. Professor A. C. Kinsey has a very unique course in that it is 40 per cent, insect behavior, with consider- able time devoted to insect ecology. The other phases receive a smaller but balanced attention. His course is primarily a cultural one, and very likely in his case a decided improve- ment over the older type of course as his department does not train agricultural students. Professor Swenk devotes several class periods to the history of entomology. Question 8. Do you take up economic insects l>v their systematic or their economic classification ? Evidently each way has its merits, as the teachers wen equally divided in their opinion. Five more stated that they used both, four used neither, and one varied from one year to the next. The economic classification held the most favor \\ith those teaching a practical first course. Question 9. Do you study one or two insect pests of a crop in detail or more in a general way? Of those reporting on the question, thirteen studied a few important pests of certain crops, and seven studied more in a general way. Two more used both, two used the latter in sub- ordination to the former, and one studied the most important pest in each family. ( )nly six did not use either, and these were in the more classical courses, where it probably would be unwise to spend much time on the agricultural phases. Question 10. \Yhat is your basic text? From the thirty-five reports on this question the results were naturally varied. ( "omstock's new edition headed the list with eight adoptions. Fernald's Applied Entomology is next, with seven, Sanderson and Peairs' Insect Pests four, and Fol- som's Entomology three. Fach of the following we're reported once: Lutx's FiVldbook, Sanderson and Jackson's Flenientary Entomology, Sanderson and Peairs' School Fntomologx . (> Kane's Injurious Insects. Five combinations were noted, in which ('omstock. Folsom, and Sanderson and Peairs figured most. Two original unpublished texts were report < d. Question 11. Do you make much use of laboratory and class outlines? 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 ( )ut of thirty-three replies to this question twenty-six were using outlines considerably, and only four were not using them, while three were using them only slightly. One man indicated a recent reaction against outlines for laboratory and class use. Question 12. Do you make much use of library facilities? Many answering this question seemed to think it was too obvious, evinced by such remarks as "I should think this would go without saying" ; ''How can you otherwise do adequate teaching?"; "Yes, naturally." However, of the thirty-two replies twelve indicated that there were reasons why they could not use the library to any extent in a beginning course. The main reason given was lack of time. Question 13. This called for the filling out of a tabular form concerning the time allotted to the various divisions of the course, and the type of teaching materials used for the same. No doubt the criticisms leveled at this were justified. As previously stated there were several serious omissions. It was also too fixed and arbitrary, making it difficult for many to adjust the subject matter of their course to it. A progressive course is naturally varied from year to year. In spite of these difficulties eleven men filled it out quite completely, and nine more partially. Nine more could not fill it out for the reasons stated above. Their tabulation showed the emphasis about the same as given in question 7. It also showed that there is much teaching material being used to facilitate the lecture and laboratory presentation. Many indi- cated that the collection and the field trip were becoming one of their most important means of teaching, and the tendency away from the formal lecture was noticeable. Question 14. If any of this material is published do you wish your name used? Nineteen men were willing for their names to be used, four unwilling, and nine indifferent. If the data are ever published in their entirety use will be made of the opinions of many of these men. The following aided me materially in this work: J. J. Davis, D. M. DeLong, C. L. Fluke, L. Haseman. A. C. Kinsey, W. Lochhead, C. L. Mctcalf. R. A. Muttkowski, H. M. Parshley, W. A. Riley, J. M. Robinson, H. C. Severin, E. W. Stafford, M. H. Swenk, E. C. VanDyke, P. S. Welch. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 A Dipterological Tour in Europe. By RAYMOND C. and ELNORA S. SHANNON, "Washington, D. C. A brief account is here given of a trip to Europe, from June 10 to September 10, 1925, during which the writers visited a number of the principal dipterological centers. Our first stop was at the Museum d'Histoire Xaturelle, Paris, where we met Mons. E. Seguy, an excellent Dipterist and artist. He is at present occupied with an illustrated encyclopedia of the I )iptera of France. An examination was made of the Muscidae (old sense) in the collections of Macquart, Meigen, and Pan- delle and the remaining material of the Robineau-Desvoidy col- lection. Among other Diptera one species was noted in the modern collection which is of particular interest, Caniposclla insignata Cole (Quito?), the second specimen known of this remarkable species of Cyrtidae. We had a very delightful visit of several days with Professor and Madame Herve-Bazin at their beautiful chateau, Le Pat\>. at Segre. They possess one of the very neatest collections of insects we have ever seen, which includes many Chinese Dip- tera collected by themselves. We transacted an exchange of Syrphidae and were given the loan of their entire collection of Calliphoridae. The well-wooded grounds surrounding their chateau also afforded us excellent collecting. Turin, Italy, proved to be very rich dipterologically. \Ve visited Professor Mario Bezzi, who has perhaps the most com- plete privately owned collection of Diptera in the world, and he was very generous in the exchange we transacted. At his suggestion we made a trip to Mont Cenis in the Italian Alps. once the favorite collecting grounds of the dipterist Meigen. The Museum in Turin houses the collection of Bellardi's Mexi- can Diptera which contains a number of type specimens described by Bellardi and ( iiglio Tos. Professor Borelli, in charge of the collection of insects, very kindly afforded us facilities for examining the types, which are in verv fair condi- tion. At Florence, Italy, we obtained permission from tin- .Museum 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 authorities to examine the Rondani collection of Diptera, which is likewise in a fair state of preservation. Our next point of entomological interest was at the home of Theodor Becker in Liegnitz, Germany. Herr Becker is now 85 years of age, but is healthy and active and is at present engaged in work upon the Ephydridae. He possesses an admir- able collection of European and Asiatic Diptera, practically all of which he has collected himself. We made an entomological excursion to Mezimeste, Czecho- slovakia ( formerly Halbstadt, on the northern border of Hun- gary), an old favorite collecting ground of Dr. E. A. Schwarz. Here we found one of the most curious species of acalyptrate Diptera, Amphipogon spectrum Wahlberg, of the family Sep- sidae (determined by T. Becker). Time did not permit other entomological visits in Germany, and we returned to Paris, finished our investigations at the Museum and left for London. We were kindly received at the British Museum of Natural History by Major E. E. Austen who granted permission to examine the collection of Diptera, including the Walker types, Bigot's types of Syrphidae and the Biologia Centrali-Arnericana material. A.bout 200 species named by Walker under "Ulusca" (some probably noinuia nuda) were examined and the proper generic location in many cases was ascertained. Mr. F. W. Edwards showed us the collection of Culicidae and was very liberal with information. Mr. Edwards took us for a visit to Cambridge where we met Dr. D. D. Keilin and Dr. I. M. Puri (student of Simuli- idae) who showed us through the new Cambridge building of Parasitology. We spent the week end at Mr. Edwards's home and occupied ourselves on Sunday by collecting. Nearly three weeks were spent in London. During this time we were surprised by the visits of Professor J. S. Hine, Dr. C. H. Kennedy and Professor O. A. Johannsen who were like- wise bent on examining types at the British Museum. We also met Mr. E. Brunetti, and Mr. A. J. Engel Terzi, the artist of many beautiful illustrations of Diptera. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 We left Europe with nearly a thousand exchanged speci- mens, more than a thousand collected specimens and about fifteen hundred loaned specimens, the latter including some undescribed material from the abundant collections of Wallace (from the Malay Archipelago), Bates (from the Amazon) and Darwin (from Patagonia). We wish to thank very heartily all of the above named gen- tlemen and Madame Herve-Bazin and Mrs. Edwards, as well as Dr. Laura Gambetti and Signorina Giulia Goss, both of Turin, Italy, for the very courteous and kindly attention that they showed us. A list of the collections that were examined is appended. .Museum d'Histoire Xaturelle, Paris, France. Meigen collection. Mostly European Diptera including many type specimens. Condition fair. Macquart collection. A cosmopolitan collection containing . numerous types in fair to poor condition. Robineau-Desvoidy collection. Largely destroyed but a number of the types remain in identifiable condition. Pandelle collection. An important collection consisting mostly of French Diptera in very good condition. Modern collection. Very extensive, containing material from all parts of the world and largely worked up by Surcouf and Seguy. A number of minor collections, such as the Diptera collec- tion of Dufour, are still held intact. Collection of Herve-Bazin, (Prof. J. Herve-Bazin, Segre, Maine et Loire, France. ) An excellent collection of Diptera, mostly of the Old World. Contains many types of Oriental and African Syrphidae. Museo Storia Natural, Turin, Italy. Bellardi collection of Mexican Diptera. Contains types described by Bellardi and Giglio Tos, practically all "in a fair state of preservation. Collection of Bezzi. (Prof. Mario Bezzi, Via Pio Quintu 3, Turin, Italy. ) A remarkably complete collection from all parts of the world with numerous types in many families. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 Royal Zoological Museum, Florence, Italy. Rondani collection. A rather limited but important col- lection, chiefly European, in a fair state of preservation. Collection of Becker (Herr Theodor Becker, Wissenburger- strasse 13, Liegnitz, Germany.) A fine collection of European and Asiatic Diptera with many types. British Museum of Natural History, London, England. Contains a number of very important collections of Dip- tera, the most noted of which are the Walker collection, the Bigot types of Syrphidae and Tabanidae, the Biologia Centrali-Americana material and a very extensive modern collection of Diptera from all parts of the world. A New and Inexpensive Lining for Insect Boxes. Cork or compressed cork in sheets has long been used for lining the bottom of insect cases, but it is rather expensive and generally has to be pieced together. Compressed turf or peat has also been employed. In the West where the Yucca plant stock is available, its pith is sometimes used for this purpose by first being thoroughly dried and then sawed into desirable slabs, but these slabs never make a smooth looking job in the bottom of one's boxes. Recently a compressed cane-fibre-board material under the trade name of celotex has been put on the market. It is not made as an entomological product but is used by the building trade people as a substitute for interior wall-board in place of lath and plaster. It originally comes in big sheets, Y inch thick, by 4 feet wide, by various sizes up to 12 feet in length. Almost any lumber yard or building supply company has it for sale at less than 3 cents a square foot sawed to cus- tomers' desired size. Insect pins when pushed into it never pull or "grab" when being extracted and yet they hold firm. This is an advantage over cork which is also more expensive. The material saws up easily, lies rigidly flat in the bottom of a box, is insect proof, very light in weight and takes thick glued paper readily. I have used celotex for several years and prefer it to any other lining. Also when mailing speci- mens of pinned insects, it makes a good bottom for the segar boxes. The Celotex Co.. 645 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III, will undoubtedly be glad to send samples to anyone inter- ested enough to write in for them. J. D. GUXDER, Pasadena, Calif. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1926. Anniversary Congratulations to Vienna. Years ago. when, as a high school hoy, we first frequented the rooms occupied hy the American Entomological Society, then on the first floor of the building of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, we saw in the lihrary a row of thick volumes whose titles were sure to he imprinted on a youngster's memory: V erhandlungen dcr kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in JTicn. Later, as our studies of dragonflies led us to the world's literature on those insects, we came to know some of the I'cr- handlungen for the papers of Friedrich Moritz JJrauer which they contain. Still later. March 7, 1X96, thanks to the kindness of Dr. Anton 1 landlirsch. we were admitted to the library of the Gesellschaft itself, small, dark rooms on the third floor of \Yollzeile Strasse 12, in Vienna, and spent nearly two hours examining some books which we had not been able to find at Berlin. Having, then, these personal points of contact with this tamous society which, as noticed elsewhere in this issue of the \K\VS, will soon celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of its foundation, we are especially glad to offer the congratulations and best wishes of the Xi-:\vs and of The American Entomol- ogical Society to our Corresponding Gesellschaft on this happy occasion. 75th Anniversary, Zoological-Botanical Society. The Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Vienna plans to celebrate its seventy-five anniversary on May 12, 1926, and is inviting the participation of scientific societies, academies and institutes, especially those with which it has had scien- tific relations, in the ceremonies. These will consist of a meet- ing at 11 A. M. in the great hall of the L'niversity. presided over by Dr. Anton I landlirsch, the well known entomologist. author of Die Fossilcn fnscktcn and of the taxonomic volume of Schroder's Haiidhncli dcr l:iit<>in<>!<>^i,'. After greetings from various sources. Prof. Dr. Richard Wettstein will deliver an address on "Seventy Five Years of Biology." At 7.30 p. m. a banquet will be held in the hotel "Zum Silbernen I'.runnen." 153 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 Personal Mention. Dr. R. J. TILLYARD, Chief of the Biological Dept., Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, expects to be away from the Institute from February to November, 1926, on a visit to America and Europe. Mail to reach him from April 15 to end of September should be addressed: care of The High Commissioner for New Zealand, New Zealand House Strand, London, W. C. 2., England. A Generic Correction (Lepidoptera). Astcrocampa Rober. Logotype Apatura celtis Bdv. & Lee. 1916. Rober, in Seitz, Macrolep. (2), V, p. 549. Cdtiphaga B. & Linds. Orthotype Apatnra celtis Bdv. & Lee. 1922. Barnes and Lindsey, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. XV, p. 92. Apparently Barnes and Lindsey, in their investigation of our generic names, overlooked Rober's action pointed out above. As Rober failed to designate a type for his new name, 1 select celtis Bdv. & Lee. in an endeavor to simplify this generic muddle as much as possible. D. M. BATES, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Notes on the Prey of Asilidae (Dipt.). Asilidae are in general supposed to capture their prey while in flight. The following notes, though some of them do not necessarily conflict with the general habits of the family, add interesting variations to the known methods of feeding. Psilocunts nudiusculus Loew. A male of this species was captured near Brownwood, Texas, June 29th, with an immature Lycosid impaled on its proboscis. The Asilid was found on several occasions resting on the low branches of cone flowers (Ratibida coluinnaris) which skirt a dusty roadside where these robberflies closely match the color of the half dead, dusty leaves. A female feeding on the Cercopid, Clastoptera .vantlio- ccphala Gerun., was taken at Austin, Texas. Era.v barbatus Fab. At Magnolia Beach, near Port Lavaca, Texas, on July 13th. I took a female of this species with a jump- ing spider as its prey. The arachnid was an adult male of the southern variety of Pcllcncs agilis Bks. The same morning I took a male, Era.r barbatus, as the prey of another Asilid, the male of Dcroinyia syinniacha Loew. ( ?). Both of these latter species were plentiful on the shell beach. Thus on two different occasions, spiders have been taken as the food of robberflies, but in both cases the insects were those that hunt their prey near the ground. Both the spiders have the XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 habit of ballooning" and one of jumping so that they might have been seized in the air as is the ordinary prey of the Asilidae. I am indebted to Dr. W. M. Barrows for the identification of the spiders and to Dr. Herbert Osborn for the Cercopid. REGINALD H. PAINTER, Ohio State University. Entomological Literati-ire COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Ajachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs bpginnins: with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. 4 Canadian Entomologist. 5 Psyche. 8 The Ento- mologist's Monthly Magazine. 9 The Entomologist. 10 Proc., Ent. Soc. Washington. 14 Ent. Zeitschrift, Frank- furt a. M. 17 Ent. Rundschau, Stuttgart. 18 Internation- ale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 25 Bull., Soc. Ent. France. 26 Ent. Anzeiger, Wien. 28 Ent. Ticlskrift, Upsala. 33- Bull. et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 45 Zeit. f. \Yissen- schftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 48 Wiener Entomol. Zeitung. 49 Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 50 Proc. U. S. National Mus. 75 Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 79 Koleopterolog. Rundschau, Wien. 89 Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 104 Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leipzig. 105 Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 107 Biologisches Zentralblatt. 130 Ohio Jour, of Sciences. 135 Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 142 Arch. Zool. Exper. et Gen., Paris. 149 Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit., Liverpool. GENERAL. Heinrich, R. Zur richtigen betonung der harte zeiten. 49, xv, 1-6. Jost, H. Ueberziehen der auslag- lateinischen namen. 14, xxxix, 167-8. Horn, W. 'U'eluT en bei sammlungskasten. 14, xxxix, 179-80. Kieffer, J. J. Obituary 8, Ixii, 44. Lundblad, O. En utmarkt prepara- tionsmethod for mikroarthropoder. 28, xlvi, 1-6. McDun- nough, J. H. The Canadian national collection of insects. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, ''26 Can. Field-Nat., xl, 36-40. Meissner, O. Bemerkung iiber die betonung der latein. namen. 14, xxxix, 180. Nomencla- ture. A resolution passed at the Third International Con- gress of Entomology, regarding the requirements to publish- ing new generic names. 9, lix, 41-2. Raffray, A. Memorie e note, [portrait] Atti Pont. Ac. Sci., N. Lincei, Ixxvii, 72-5. Scheerpeltz, O. Das legen von profilschnitten als methode zur auffindung von terrikolen insekten. 79, xii, 10-15. Schroder, C. Handbuch der entomologie. Bd. II, pp. 1-160. Biologie. Seamans, H. L. A simple insect rear- ing cage. 4, Iviii, 27-8. Seitz, A. Xach zehn jahren. 17, xliii, 5-8. Study, E. Ueber einige mimetische fliegen. 89, xlii, Allg. Zoo].. 421-7. Theobald, F. V. Biographical note with portrait. 149, xx, p. iii. Weese, A. O. -"Super- tidal" animal communities in the Puget Sound Region. Univ. Okla. Bui., v, 95-7. Weiss & West. The insects and plants of a strip of New Jersey coast. 5, xxxii, 231-43. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bowen, R. H. A suggestion concerning the interpretation of Prof. Voinov's "appareil spherulaire."- 142, Ixv, 1-4. Cleveland, L. R. Symbiosis among animals with special reference to termites and their intestinal flagellates. Quart. Rev. Biology, i, 51-60. Craft, W. A. Linkage relations in animals. Univ. Okla. Bui., v, 97-99. Eastham, L. Peris- talsis in the malpighian tubules of diptera, preliminary ac- count: with note on the elimination of calcium carbonate. -135, Ixix. 385-98. Hasebroek, Industriemelanismus. 18, xix, 330-32. Heymons, R. Ueber eischalensprenger und den vorgang des schluepfens aus der eischale bei den insek- ten. 107, xlvi, 51-63. Meissner, O. Industriemelanismus? -18, xix. 339-40. Muller, H. J. Induced crossing-over variation in the X -chromosome of Drosophila. Am. Nat., Ix, 192-5. Richards & Robson. The species problem and evolution. Nature, cxvii, 345-7 (cont.) Snodgrass, R. E. Morphology of insect sense organs and the sensory nervous system. Smiths. Miss. Coll., Ixxvii, No. 8. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Smith & Young. -Distribution of spiders as correlated with environmental factors. Univ. Okla: Bull.. 90-1. (N) *Chamberlin, R. V. Two new American chilo- pods. 105, xxxix, 9-10. (S) *Leitao, M. Polyxenidas do Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac. R. d. Janeiro, ii, 51-62, I XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Annand, P. N. Thysanoptera and the pollination of flowers.- - \m. Nat, lx, 177-82. CX) Lestage, J. A. Notes trichopterologiques. IX. Etude du groupe Psychomyidien et catalogue systemati<|u<- des genres et especes decrits depuis, 1907 (in (ienera Jn- sectorum). Pt. 1. 33, Ivx. 363-86. Snyder, T. E. Races or subspecies in Reticulitermes. 105, xxxviii, 1-6. *Walker, E. M. The X. .American dragonflies of the genus Somato- chlora. Univ. Toronto, Biol. Ser., No. 26. 2U2pp. (S) *Brues, C. T. Notes on Neotropical Onychophora- 5, xxxii, 159-65. *Snyder, T. E. Change of name in Isop- tera. 10, xxviii, 51. ORTHOPTERA. Crampton, G. C. External anatomy of the head and abdomen of the roach Periplaneta amcri- cana. 5, xxxii, 195-226. Eisentraut, M. Die spermato- gonialen teilungen bei Acridiern mit besonderer beruck- sichtigung der iiber kreuzungsfiguren. 104, cxxvii, 141-83. (N) Salfi, M. Osservazioni sulla ecologia di alcune specie di Locustidae e Phasgonuridae. Bol. Soc. Nat.. Xapoli, xxx vi, 129-52. HEMIPTERA. Mueller, G. Ueber einige missbild- ungen bein heteropterem. 45, xxi, 10-22. Richards, O. W. An American aphid new to the British list I Melanoxan- therium bicolor). 9, lix, 40. Tillyard, R. J. (see under Diptera.) (N) DeLong, D. M. Type and venation of wings as factors in separating certain deltocephaloid genera ( la-- sidae). 130, xxvi, 42-8. Stoner, D. Pentatomoidea from western Canada. 4, Iviii, 28-30. (S) *Horvath, G. - - Wissenschaftliche ergebn. der schwed. entomolog. reise des A. Roman in Ama/mias. Tin- gitidae. 28, xlvi, 219-20 *Osborn, H. Neotropical Hom<>p- tera of the Carnegie Museum. Subfamilv Cicadellinae.- Ann. Carnegie Mus., xvi, 155-238. LEPIDOPTERA. Cockayne, E. A. Xotodonta drome- darius in inverted position in pupal case-. 9, lix. 3 () . Dur- ken, B. Farbungsvariation der kohlweisslingspuppen i Pier- is brassicae) aus normaler umgebung und nach einwir- kung farbigen lichtcs, in <|uantitati\ c-r darstellung. Mem. Pont. Ac. Sci., X. Lincei, (2), vii, 251-73. Hanstrom, B.- 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '26 Comparison between the brains of the newly hatched larva and the imago of Pieris brassicae. 28, xlvi, 41-52. Meder, O. Ueber die kennzeichnungf von weisslingen zwecks er- ^i fassung ihrer wanderungen. 18, xix. 325-30. Metzner, A. Feinde gespannter schmetterlinge. 26, vi, 25-6. Torka, V. Der kiimmel als nahrpflanze des schwalbenschwanzes. -18, xix. 337-9. (N) *Braun, A. F. New microlepidoptera from Alberta and Manitoba. 4, Iviii, 46-50. Crumb, S. E. Xearctic bud- worms of the lepidopterous genus Heliothis. 50, Ixviii, Art. 16. von Dalla Torre et Strand. Lepidopterorum catalogus Pars 31 : Aegeriidae. van Ecke, R. Lepidopterorum cata- logus. Pars 32 : Cochlidionidae ( Limacodidae). *Heinrich, C. A new Coleophora from New York. 10, xxviii, 52. ;;: Heinrich, C. Revision of the N. American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bui. U. S. .N. M., 132, 216pp. de Joannis, J. Sur la synonymic de quelques du genre Psara. (Pyralidae). 25, 1925, 286-90. (S) *Meyrick, E. Exotic microlepidoptera. Vol. 3, pp. 161-256. Michael, O. Ueber einige uebergangsformen von Agrias phalcidon zu Hewitsonius. 14, xxxix, 161-2 (Cont.) *Niepelt, W. Eine neue Heliconius-form von Bolivia. 18, xix, 337. Study, E. Die gattung Tithorea und ihre nachahmer. 89, xlii, Allg. Zool., 428-40. *Tams, W. H. T. A new sp. of the genus Dalcera from Peru (Dalceridae). -9, lix, 35. DIPTERA. Hefley, H. M. Parasite of the larva of the tomato worm moth : Protoparce quinquemaculatus. Univ. Okla. Bull., v, 77-80. Wagner, W. Ban und funktion des atmungs-systems der kriebelmueckenlarven. 89, xlii, Allg. Zool., 441-86. Tillyard, R. j. The rhaetic "crane-flies" from So. America not diptera but Homoptera. -Am. Jour. Sci., 265-72. (N) *Bromley, S. W. The bremus resembling Mallo- phorae of the southwestern U. S. (Asilidae). 5, xxxii, 190-4. Cockerell, T. D. A. The eocene fossil fly Eophle- bomyia. 5, xxxii, 229-30. Johannsen, C. A. Notes on Walker's types of No. American Mycetophilidae. 4, Iviii. 51-2. Van Du;:ee, M. C. New sps. of No. American Doli- chopodidae. 5, xxxii, 178-89. (S) *Lengersdorf, F. Ueber die gattung Euricrium. (Lestremiinae ). 48, xlii, 92-4. Pinto, C. -Estudos sobrr XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 siphonapteros <>u "pulgas," "Stenopsylla cunhai" n. sp. Bol. In st. Brasileiro de Sci., i, No. 3, p. 3-7. COLEOPTERA. Brauer, A. Further notes on tin- im- position of Bruchus and the orientation of the embryo in the egg during- development. Univ. Okla. Bull., v. 74-6. Chittenden, F. H. Xotes on the behavior of Cotinis nitida and its bird enemies. 105, xxxviii, 15-18. Lewis, H. C. Alimentary canal of Passalus. 130, xxvi, 11-24. Mjoberg, E. The mystery of the so-called "trilobite larvae" or "For- ty's larvae" definitely solved. 5, xxxii, 119-58. Zanon, V. Apparato boecale della "Epicometis squalida" coleottero Jannoso agli ortaggi a Bengasi. Atti Font. Ac. Sci., X. Lincei, Ixxvii, 46-52. (N) Brown, W. J. Xotes on the Oklahoma species of Onthophagus. Univ. Okla. Bui., v, 99-101. Raffray, A, Etude sur la distribution geographique des coleopteres de la famille des Pselaphides. Mem. Font. Ac. Sci. X. Lincei, (2), vii, 1-158. Wallis, J. B. -Status of Gyrinus piceolus. 4, Iviii, 50. (S) *Benderitter, E. Rutelides nouveaux de Colombie. -25, 1925, 2-16-9. *Bowditch, F. C. Xotes on Galerucinae in my collection. 5, xxxii, 244-64. *Luederwaldt, H. Novas especies do genero Pinotus (Coprinae). Bol. Mus. Nac. R. d. Janeiro, ii, 67-9. *Mann, W. M. Guests of Eci- ton hamatum collected by YY. H. \\'heeler. 5, xxxii, 166-77. *Thery, A. Descriptions de nouvelles especes de Bupres- tides. An. AIus. Civ. St. Nat. Giacomo Doria, H, 109-13. HYMENOPTERA. Cushman, R. A. Address of the retiring president : Some types of parasitism among the Ichneumonidae. 10, xxviii, 25-51. Hicks, C. H. A gynan- dromorphic bee of the genus Dianthidium. Am. Nat., Ix, 199-200. Parkar, G. H. Weight of vegetation transported by tropical fungus ants. 5, xxxii, 227-8. (X) "Bradley, J. C. Two n. sps. of Chelogynus from Xew York state (Dryinidae. 105, xxxix, 7-8. *Cushman, R. A. Ten new Xo. American ichneumon ilies. 50, Ixvii, Art. 23. *Malloch, J. R. Systematic notes on and descrip- tions of X. Am. wasps of the subfamily Brachvcistiinae.-- 50, Ixviii. Art. 3 fS) *Cockerell, T. D. A. The black bees of Feru.- 9, lix. 28-9. *Cockerell, T. D. A. Descriptions and records of bees. -C A" III. 75, xvii. 214-26. 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Alay, '26 SPECIAL NOTICES. Lambillionea. This is the new title of the Revue Men- suelle cle Societe Entomologique Namuroise, beginning" with Annee 26 (1926). Synopsis des Curculionides cle Madagascar. Par. A. Hus- tacc (Bui. Acad. Malgache (Ser. Nov.), vii, 1924, 582pp. This extensive work does not figure any species. Its tax- onomy may interest students of this family of Coleoptera. R. TORRES ROJAS. ESTUDIOS ENTOMOLOGICOS LEPIDOPTEROS ( Divulgacion cientifico-literaria ) Cartago. 1925 Imp. Trejos Hermanos San Jose, Cfosta] Rficaj. 72 pp. Laminas I-III. With the colaboration of Senores M. Yincenzi, A. G. M. ( iillott and C. H. Lankester, Sefior Torres Rojas has brought together in this little volume brief essays on the Lepidoptera under such titles as Floating Powder [of wing scales]. Wings, Legs of a Butterfly, Luminous Heads, Life of the Lepidop- tera ( including Invasions of Butterflies in Costa Rica by Air. Gillott), Means of Protection, Injuries and Usefulness, Costa Rican Entomology by Mr. Lankester. A noteworthy feature is the three plates which figure, in black and white half tone, 46 species of Rhopalocera (lam. i, ii ) and 34 species of Het- erocera (lam. iii ) frequently found in Costa Rica. The ex- planation of the plates gives briefly the colors of each species, so that the photographic figures, although but one-sixth natural size, should enable one to identify them readily. To an ento- mologist visiting Costa Rica this pamphlet should be very useful, even though he know but little Spanish. P. P. CALVERT. Uv/;s OBITUARY. Louis BARTHOLOMEW WOODRUFF, known for his work on Odonata, Membracidae and Coleoptera, born in New York City, January 1, 1868, died at Torrington, Connecticut, Novem- ber 27, 1925. An obituary notice and a list of his publications on insects are contained in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for March, 1926. He bequeathed $10,000 to the New York Society, the income from which is to be used by it in furthering the publication of papers on entomology. JUNE, 1926 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXVII No. 6 JAMKS RIDINGS 1803-1880 CONTENTS Editorial Ezra Townsend Cresson 161 Blatchley Some New Miridae from the Eastern United States ... 163 Didlake Observations on the Life- Histories of Two Species of Praying Mantis (Orthopt. : Mantidae) . 169 Hatch Thomas Lincoln Casey as a Coleopterist 175 Fox Conocephalus nigropleurus (Bruner) in Pennsylvania (Orthopt.) 180 Personal Mention 181 Ferris Collecting Homoptera in Mexico 182 Entomological Literature 183 Review Fernald's Applied Entomology . . 188 Doings of Societies The American Entomological Society 189 Kansas Entomological Society 190 Obituary Dr. Ernst Evald Bergroth 190 Benjamin Pickman Mann 192 Dr. Henry Skinner 192 PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Sectian 1103. Act of October 3. 1917, authorized January 15, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor ; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. Advisory Committee : Ezra T. Cresson, Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions . . $3.00 Canada, Central and South America . 3.15 Foreign 3.25 Single copies 35 cents ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page,, $ 8.00 Ten issues " 11.00, " 20.00, 35.00, 70.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to Entomo- logical News, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. All complaints regarding non-receipt of issues of the NEWS should be presented .within three months from date of mailing of the issue. After that time the numbers will be furnished only at the regular rate for single copies. Not more than two issues will be replaced gratis, through loss in transit or in change of address, unless such have been registered, at the subscriber's expense. MANUSCRIPTS. Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. Pa. TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. The receipt of all papers will be acknowl- edged. Proof will be sent to authors when requested. Twenty-five "extras" "of an author's contribution, without change in form and without covers, will be given free when they are wanted ; if more than twenty-five copies are desired this should be stated on the MS. Ovung to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the necessary blocks, or pay in advance the cost of making blocks and pay for the cost of printing plates. Information as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Blocks furnished or paid for by au- thors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired. STATED MEETINGS Of The American Entomological Society will be held at 7.30 o'clock P. M., on the fourth Thursday of each month, excepting June, July, August, November and December, and on the third Thursday of November and December. Communications on observations made in the course of your studies are solicited; also exhibits of any specimens you consider of interest. The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty- five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copits. $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies. 25 cents; greater numbers ( copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate VI. EZRA TOWNSEND CRESSON (DECEMBER, 1895). JNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. XXXVII JUNE, 1926 Xo. 6 EZRA TOWNSEND CRESSON. (Portrait, Plate VI.) EZRA TOWNSEND CRESSON died on April 19, 1926, in his eighty-eighth year, at the residence of his son, E. T. Cresson, Jr., at Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. With James Ridings and George Newman, he founded The Entomological Society of Philadelphia in February, 1859 (name changed to The American Entomological Society in 1867). Of this Society he served as Recording Secretary one year (1859), as Corresponding Secretary, sixteen years (1859- 1874), as Curator, eight years (1866-1874), as Editor of the Transactions, forty-two years (1871-1912), as Treasurer, fifty years (1874-1924). In 1861 lie began a series of catalogues, synopses and mono- graphs of the Hymenoptera of North America, numbering sixty-five papers by 1882, and summarized in a comprehensive Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the PJ\menoptcra of America north of Mexico [together with a Catalogue of tin- described species, and Bibliography], published in 1887. From August, 1865, to October, 1866, he edited The I'ructicul Entomologist, "A Monthly Bulletin of the Entomological So- ciety of Philadelphia for gratuitous distribution among Farmers and Agriculturists," the first journal devoted to Economic En- tomology published in the United States. He headed the Publication Committee of The American Entomological Society which, on November 28, 1889, recom- mended the establishment of Entomological AV?*.'.s\ For thirty- seven years his name has appeared on the cover of this journal as one of its Advisory Committee. On February 15. 1909, the Society celebrated the fiftieth anni- versary of its foundation and adopted a resolution containing. inter alia, these words: "It especially rejoices in the presence tonight of one of the three founders of the Society, Mr. E. T. 161 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 Cresson, who from the very first has continuously exerted him- self in its interests, and with his own hands set type for its publications, besides composing long series of entomo- logical memoirs, principally upon the Hymenoptera, which have given to him and to the Society an honorable distinction, both at home and abroad. To many a younger student he has kindly given his aid, his advice and his example. He has encouraged and furthered the progress of entomology in the United States far beyond the limits of his home by his activity as author and by his gift of his most important, valuable and extensive col- lection of Hymenoptera to this Society. Thankful for all his unceasing labors, this Society now places upon its records, in his presence, its deep appreciation of his services and extends to him its best wishes for many additional years of life and happi- ness in that field of science which he has cultivated so long and so well." Those who were associated with him in this Society, in the conduct of its Transactions and of the News, recalling his un- selfish devotion, his amiable and gentle character, can not but feel a sense of deep loss in his departure from among us. Ezra Townsend Cresson, son of Warder and Elizabeth (Townsend) Cresson, was born June 18, 1838, at Byberry, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Ever reticent of his personal history he left few memoranda of his early life, even to his family. The active interest of Dr. Thomas B. Wilson in the Entomological Society of Philadelphia led to some financial connection of Ezra Cresson with that philanthropist, terminated by the latter's death in March, 1865. Cresson entered the em- ploy of the Franklin Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia in 1869. In October, 1878, he was elected its Secretary, a posi- tion which he held until his resignation on February 16. 1910, for reasons of health. In 1859, he married Mary Ann Ridings, daughter of his co-founder of the Entomological Society, and had four sons and one daughter, two of whom, George Bring- hurst Cresson ( died October 18, 1919) and Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr., have also taken an active interest in entomology. The first number of the Memoirs of the American Entomo- XXXVU, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 1 ( .3 logical Society (1916) consists of a paper by Ezra Townsend Cresson, entitled The Cresson T\pcs of Hymenoptera, giving an alphabetical list, under each family, of the species described by him, with reference to the original description, sex. number of the type-specimen, as recorded in the catalogue of types in the collection of the society, locality and condition of the speci- mens as found during the winter of 1913-14. It is there stated that types of 2737 species are enumerated. Following it is a list of the author's entomological writings "arranged in chrono- logical order and numbered consecutively, to enable the student to locate the papers in which the types are described." Method and order were among the most marked characteris- tics of Ezra T. Cresson and this paper of 1916 furnishes an almost complete guide and index to his original work on the insects he studied so faithfully. Further details of his entomological labors are reserved for publication in the society's Transactions. Any one having let- ters from him which would add to the value and interest thereof are requested to lend them to the Editor of the \ii\vs for copy or extract. Such will be returned promptly. Some New Miridae from the Eastern United States. BY W. S. BLATCHLEJY, Indianapolis, Indiana. During the continuation of the work on my Manual of Heteroptera I have found in my collection of Miridae, or among those sent me for examination, a number of species which are apparently new to science. Of these six are named and characterized in the present paper. I'nless otherwise- stated the types are in my private collection. Subfamily CAPSIXAE. Paracalocoris novellus sp. nov. Elongate-oval. Dark fuscous-brown to black ; head with a vague pale spot each side of base of vertex; eyes brown with a pale curved line behind and beneath; pronotum fuscous or blackish with a wide median orange-red cross-liar, this wid- ened on sides to cover side margins behind the collar and with median ray projected backward, the latter sometimes 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 reaching on to scutellum and dividing the black of basal half of pronotum into two large spots; concavities behind calli present but without black spots; scutellum either wholly dark or orange-red with dark side margins; elytra wholly black, the membrane fuscous; legs black or fuscous, the basal halves of femora sometimes orange-red; tarsi fuscous-brown or paler; antennae black with apical segment dull white, the basal seg- ment sometimes with an orange base. Joint 1 of antennae about as long as pronotum, thickly clothed with long, forward-inclined, bristle-like hairs ; 2 nearly twice as long as 1, 3 slightly shorter and distinctly stouter than 4. Pronotum and elytra thinly clothed with very fine, grayish, appressed hairs. Hind tibiae with scattered hairs which in no way obscure the spines. Length to tip of mem- brane, 7.5-8 mm. Dunedin, Bassenger and Lake Wales, Florida, February 27- April 19. Nine examples beaten from foliage of oak and bay along the margins and paths of dense moist hammocks. Easily known from all described North American species by the pale fourth antennal, lack of discal black spots and peculiar mark- ings of pronotum. Type, a female, taken at Dunedin, Florida, April 10, 1922. The only species of Paracalocoris of which I can find definite mention from Florida is e.vtcrnus (H. S.), which \Yalker ( 1873, 91 ) records from St. John's Bluff and which Van Duzee places as a variety of scrufcus. McAtee does not in- clude it in his recent Monograph and doubts its being a mem- ber of the genus. Polymerus clandestinus sp. nov. Elongate, subparallel. General color above fuscous-black^ head with tylus shining black ; cheeks, lorae, a spot on middle of vertex and another near each eye, dull yellow; pronotum fuscous-black, the collar, edges of side margins, area in front and each side of calli and a backward projecting ray between them, dull yellow; tip of scutellum yellowish; outer half of clavus and basal fourth of corium usually more or less dull yellow ; embolium, anal ridge, outer apical angle of corium and tip of cuneus also yellowish; membrane a uniform trans- lucent fuscous, feebly iridescent, the veins yellow ; legs dull greenish-yellow; hind femora with two rows of small, vague, brownish dots on outer face and usually a brownish ring near XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1(55 apex, sometimes in great part fuscous-brown ; tips of tarsi and beak fuscous; under surface dull yellow, the pleura and side margins of ventrals more or less fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae yellow, fuscous near base and apex, three- fourths as long 1 as basal width of vertex ; 2 yellow, the apical fourth black, three and one-half times longer than 1 ; 3 fuscous, yel- low at base, one-third longer than 4, the two united two-thirds the length of 2. Upper surface sparsely clothed with decidu- ous, appressed, scale-like, yellow hairs, thjese usually con- densed to form small patches on clavus and corium. Pro- notum of the usual form for the genus, the calli small but distinct ; disk very finely rugose, with minute punctures be- tween rugae. Scutellum finely transversely rugose. Clavus and corium very finely punctuate. Beak reaching hind coxae. Length 3.5 3.8 mm. Royal Palm Park, Canal Point and Fort Myers, Florida, March 4 April 8 ; swept in some numbers from low herbage growing in moist mucky places. Allied to P. basalis ( Reut. ) , but smaller, more parallel, without reddish marks, the second joint of antennae much more slender and a brighter yellow, the pale markings of pronotum distinctive. Type a female taken at Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 30, 1925. Subfamily ORTHOTYLINAE. Pilophorus brimleyi sp. nov. Elongate, constricted behind the middle. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark blackish-brown, shining ; clavus with inner basal third and apical half velvety black; remainder, con- fisting of an inverse wedge-shaped spot on outer basal third, which extends back and broadens between the two velvety ones, covered with a bluish bloom; corium without a trace of the usual sub-basal whitish cross-bar of the genus, the one on apical third present but short, not reaching claval suture and enclosed by a small bluish area, narrow basal half and a broad cross-bar just behind the white one velvety black, area behind the velvety bar and the entire cuneus steel-grav ; mem- brane dusky-translucent, the cells and a spot behind tip of jcuneus darker; femora dark brown, shining, knees rind tips .of coxae yellowish, tibiae and tarsi pale brown: pleura dark iforown, ventrals shining black. Joint 1 of antennae brown, paler at base and tip, slightly Ishorter than width of base of vertex; 2 brownish-yellow, 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 darker toward apex, gradually thickened from the base, four times as long as 1 ; 3 dull yellow, minutely pubescent, two- fifths as long as 2 ; 4 missing. Pronotum campanulate, basal portion strongly and evenly convex, little longer, but much wider and higher than front one, minutely granulate or subalu- taceous. Scutellum small, moderately convex. Elytra strongly constricted, the basal half of corium less than half the width of apical third. Hind tibiae, male, almost twice as long as femora, very slender, slightly flattened, feebly curved. Length 6 mm. Type, a male in the collection of the Division of Entomology, State Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina. Taken at Windsor, North Carolina, July 7, 1925. Named in honor of C. S. Brimley, of Raleigh, who has done much to increase our knowledge of the insects of his State, and who has furnished many specimens to aid my work on Heteroptera. It differs from all described forms of the genus in having but one whitish cross-bar on corium, in the form of the bluish bloom-covered spot on clavus, in the distinctly bell-shaped pronotum and very narrow basal half of corium. Subfamily BRYOCORINAE. Pycnoderes convexicollis sp. nov. c? Elongate-oval. Head in great part fuscous, the cheeks and a stripe each side of vertex dull yellow ; pronotum and scutellum shining black with a faint brassy tinge, very sparsely pubescent with fine prostrate hairs ; elytra opaque with a bluish bloom covering most of the surface, cuneus, a large oblong spot near base of embolium and a smaller oval one near its apex pale yellow; apical half of membrane dusky yellow, its veins and a spot at base dark brown ; femora dark brown to blackish, paler at base, tibiae pale brown, yellowish toward tips, coxae and tarsi pale yellow, claws fuscous ; under sur- face black, sterna coarsely punctate, ventrals shining, almost smooth, minutely pubescent. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae pale yellow, 1 three- fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 nearly three times as long as 1, 3 and 4 dusky, subequal in length, each about as long as 2. Pronotum with sides and base subequal in length ; calli larger and much more prominent with median groove of basal half deeper and lateral impressions better defined than in either of our other eastern species; hind margin almost straight, XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 feebly notched at middle; embolium slightly narrower with margin less curved than in dilatattts and with only a trace of the transverse rugae of that species; membrane surpassing- abdomen by two-thirds its length. ? Shorter and more broadly oval than male; color much the same. Gibbosity of pronotum higher, with median groove distinctly deeper, the sides and base more abruptly declivent and lateral impressions better defined. Elytra distinctly shorter; embolium slightly wider and more reflexed, its mar- gin more strongly curved; membrane surpassing abdomen by less than one-third its length. Length, c? 3.5 3.8 mm. ; $ 3 3.2 mm. Marion, Putnam, Knox and Posey counties, Indiana, April 26 September 19; swept in numbers from low herbage in dense upland woods and in thickets along the banks of streams. Type, a male taken in Putnam Co., Indiana, August 9, 1925. Our three eastern species of Pycnodcrcs may be separated by the following: Key to Eastern Species of Pycnodcrcs. a. Legs pale yellow, the apical third of hind femora alone darker; second joint of antennae subeqnal in length to width of head; veins of membrane not distinctly darker than the disk. b. Embolium with a distinct apical or subapical pale spot; costal margin of elytra feebly curved; pro- notum thickly pubescent ; length 3.2 mm. QUADRIMACULATUS Guerin bb. Embolium with subapical pale spot very small or wanting; costal margin of elytra strongly curved; pronotum with pubescence scarcely evident ; length 3.5 4 mm DILATATI/S Renter uo. All the femora in great part or wholly blackish-brown, tibiae pale brown; second joint of antennae distinctly lon-er than width of head across eyes ; veins of membrane dark brown CONVEXICOLLIS sp. nov. Sixenotus albicornis sp. nov. Uosely allied to insi^nis Rent. Form more elongate and subparallel. Head and pronotum shining black, devoid of the subaeneous tinge of insignis. Eyltra dark piceous-brown. opaque, subtranslucent, minutely pubescent. Antennae and legs a uniform very pale yellow or milky white ; membrane with cells dark fuscous, apical half dull white, veins blackish. 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 Pronotum relatively longer and narrower in front than in insignis, its disk more distinctly obliquely strigose with rows of punctures between the strigae, the punctures coarser and less dense than in insignis. Length 3.3 3.5 mm. Palmdale, Moore Haven, Royal Palm Park, Everglades and Dunedin, Florida, November 19 April 23. Hibernates be- neath boards and between basal leaves of sedges and in spring swept from herbage along the margins of wet hammocks. Type a male from Dunedin, Fla., taken March 28, 1921. Sixenotus gracilis sp. nov. Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under sur- face black, distinctly bronzed; joints 1 and 2 of antennae, em- bolium and legs yellow, cuneus, membrane and dilated apex of embolium white; veins of membrane and joints 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous-brown. , Eyes larger and vertex narrower than in our other three spe- cies. Joint 1 of antennae relatively stout, cylindrical, three- fifths the length of 2 ; 3 and 4 more slender than in insignis, subequal, each slightly longer than 2. Pronotum with basal lobe narrower, more convex, more finely and densely punctate than in either of the others, the basal margin broadly rounded or subtruncate. Elytra and ventrals sparsely clothed with minute golden yellow hairs. Length 2.42.6 mm. Fort Myers and Hillsboro Canal, Florida, March 4 24. The type was sifted from the debris on the mucky bottom of an extinct wet weather pond at Fort Myers. Easily known by its small size and pale embolium and cuneus. Type, a female taken at Fort Myers, Fla., March 4, 1921. The four eastern species of Sixenotus are separated as fol- lows : ..u.;Ai A't'v to Eastern Species of Si.venotns a. Antennae and legs not wholly black; elytra very finely and indistinctly pubescent. b. Cuneus and embolium black; basal joint of anten- nae distinctly shorter than width of vertex; larger and more robust ; length 3.3 3.5 mm. c. Antennae in part black or fuscous; legs dull yellow more or less tinged with fuscous : middle and hind tibiae with two va,gue- brown annuli INSIGNIS Reut. xxxvii, '26] i. \TO\IOLOGICAL NEWS 169 cc. Antennae and leg's wholly milky white or very pale yellow, tarsal claws alone darker. AI.BICOUMS sp. nov. bb. Cuneus white, embolium pale yellow; basal joint of antennae slightly longer than width of vertex ; smaller and more slender, length 2A 2.6 mm. GKACILIS sp. nov. aa. Antennae and legs wholly black; elytra coarsely and dis- tinctly pnbescent; length 2.8 3 mm. TE.NEBROSUS Distant Observations on the Life-Histories of Two Species of Praying Mantis (Orthopt. : Mantidae). By MARY DIDLAKE, Lexington, Kentucky. (Plates VII, VIII.) Two species, the common Stagmomantis Carolina and a big- Chinese species, Paratenodera sinciisis, have been reared in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology and Botany, of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, and carried through several generations in as many successive years. The egg-mass of the foreign species was found May 8, 1917. on a shrub in the nursery of Wood, Stubbs & Co., Louisville. Kentucky, and brought to our laboratory by Mr. H. R. Xis- wonger. The shrub had been received either in a European shipment or one from the Eastern States, where this insect has been recorded as having been established. It was found possible to rear the species from time of hatching until maturity as described below, molting, mating, egg-laying 1 , regeneration of injured limbs and antennae being easily observed. REARING. Eggs taken from twigs out-of-doors, or laid in the laboratory were placed outside all winter. When they began to hatch, in May or June, individuals were isolated in homeopathic vials, tightly stoppered. These vials were handled in wooden vial racks holding about a dozen. In each vial a strip of lilt IT paper furnished a support to which the baby mantis could cling. About the third molt the vials became rather close quarters 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 and the insects were transferred to four-ounce wide-mouthed bottles with cork stoppers and a strip of cardboard to stand upon, individuals still being kept separate. Before the last molt they were given still larger accommodations, either quart specimen jars or 6-inch Stender dishes. FEEDING. As is well known, the Praying Mantids are preying insects and are classed as beneficial because they eat plant lice, cater- pillars and various other enemies of vegetation. They are, furthermore, cannibals, and from infancy devour each other with relish. When hungry they ate readily almost every insect species that came their way, the only invariable requirement was that the food be served "alive and kicking." Tiny leaf- hoppers, Drosophila, Meromyza, minute "looping'' caterpillars, etc., collected in a sweep net and distributed to each vial fur- nished most acceptable food. Bigger leaf-hoppers, larger flies and caterpillars, and young grasshoppers became suitable food as the mantids increased in size. After the third molt, mantids could capture house-flies, and never seemed to tire of the diet. Quantities of these were caught in wire traps placed outside a laboratory window, baited with banana. Full grown adults if hungry ate almost any living thing, spiders, hairy caterpillars, (Data'na, Apatela}, furry moths, bad- smelling stink bugs, hard-bodied wasps (Vespa), huge cock- roaches and grasshoppers as large as themselves. Some indi- viduals which survived late in the season when other insects grew scarce, relished fat chestnut worms, meal worms, etc. They seemed never to kill other insects except for food. When not hungry a mantis might be annoyed for hours by a fly, and make no effort to kill it just to be rid of it. Again, a small mantis was so hungry that it snatched a leaf-hop] >er in one fore-limb and a pomace fly in the other and took a bite alternately from the right and from the left. In captivity it is certainly the rule, with rare exceptions, for the adult female to devour the smaller male, leaving only his wings, antennae, spiny legs and horny jaws. Perhaps in nature he more often has a chance to escape. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 MOLTS. As young manticls hatched, one could always find the exuviae or envelopes left suspended from the openings of the egg-mass ; but I have not counted this as a molt. Mantids were never observed to eat their cast skins, as do katydids and various other insects. The following figures are averages from 39 males and 41 females reared from eggs to maturity : Males of the common southern mantis (Stagnwinaiitis Caro- lina) commonly molted six times, only \5 l />% of those carried through having seven molts. The average time elapsing be- tween molts was 15 days before the first molt, 10 days to the second molt, 9 to the third, 10 to the fourth, 12 to the fifth, 18 to the sixth and 18 to the seventh molt ; the shortest time be- tween any two molts was 5 days and the longest 31 days. The average time for full development was about 77 l /2 days, the shortest period recorded being 66 days and the longest, 99. Females commonly molted seven times, only 17% complet- ing development with six molts. The average time between molts was 15 days before the first molt, 9 l /2 days to the second molt, 8 to the third, 9 to the fourth, 9}/ 2 to the fifth, 14 to the sixth and \7 l /> to the seventh. The shortest time between any two molts was 6 days and the longest 26. The average time from hatching to adult emergence was 79 days, the shortest period being 69 days and the longest 91. The following figures are averages from 17 males and 14 females reared from eggs to maturity : Both sexes of the Chinese mantis (Paratcnodcra sinoisis) commonly molted seven times, occasional individuals requiring eight molts. Of the males 76 l />% molted seven times, the aver- age time between molts was 11 days to the first molt. 10 to second, 8 l /> to the third, 8 to the fourth, 10 to the fifth, 12 to the sixth, 17 to the seventh and 19 to the eighth; the shortest time between any two molts was 6 days and the longest 21. The average time for full development was 77 days, the quick- est individual requiring 67 days and the slowest 87 days. Of the females over 85% molted only seven times. The 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J"ne, '26 average time between molts was 12 days to the first molt, 10j/2 to the second, 7 l /2 to the third, 8 to the fourth, 10 to the fifth, 1 1 to the sixth, 19 to the seventh and 17 to the eighth molt ; the shortest time between molts was 6 days and the longest 32 days. The average number of days to adult emergence was 78, the shortest being 67 and the longest 91 days. VARIATION IN SIZE. Variation in size of growing mantids of the same age was such that one individual might be as large after the fourth molt as another of the same sex and species, after the fifth molt. Mantids just hatched measured 8 to 10 mm. with a slowly graduated increase at each molt until adults of the com- mon species reached a length of 50 to 56 mm., and the Chinese species adult measured 80 to 84 mm. Females were larger, stronger asd more robust than males. The antennae increase in length and in number of joints at each molt after the first, our common species starting with antennae 4 mm. long and consisting of 35 joints ; the adult female has antennae 13 mm. long with about 75 joints and the male 25 mm. long with 88 joints. Paratcnodcra when hatched has antennae 7 mm. long of about 49 joints and antennae of adult female measure 26 mm. and have 148 joints; those of adult males, 35 mm. long with 158 joints. It was difficult to estimate the exact number of joints as a few near the base became more or less fused and impossible to distinguish. Only in the last two molts before the adult condition does the number of joints in the antennae of males and females show much difference, and then the structure also becomes clearly differentiated, the antennae of the male being longer, much stouter at base, and under the microscope showing a more elaborately pitted and ciliated surface. COLOR. When hatched all mantids looked alike, having a glossy sur- face of a tan or brown color, with a few dark spots on the legs. The young Paratcnodcra showed a lighter tan stripe XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\YS 173 along each side of the thorax. In all (if those observed none was green at first. Before the first molt some appeared lighter brown and even had a slightly greenish hue. After this molt quite a number were green and tan, the legs being usually more or less green. After the second and third molts a few individuals were ohm vividly green, but those reared in the laboratory invariably lost the green color before maturity. Young, green individuals caught out-of-doors and kept subsequently in the house always became tan and brown. Out-of-doors, bright green adult females seemed rather more common than brown ones. SEX DIFFERENCES IN YOUNG MANTIDS When first hatched it seemed impossible to distinguish male from female, but often after the first molt, and with certainty after the second, one could make out the sex by a study of the ventral abdominal segments. The little vials and motionless positions of the young made this observation easy on the living specimens. At first there are visible dorsally, ten segments, and ventrally, eight. Adult males show these same numbers : adult females have the ten recognizable segments dorsally, but only si.r ventral ones. Young males invariably show straight ventral lines of division between each of the eight segments. But with females, after the first molt, the sixth and seventh segments (two next the tip ) appear slightly notched. After the second molt the notch on the sixth is deeper and it begins to lap over the seventh. As growth proceeds, the seventh and eighth segments become much modified and disappear behind the sixth, telescoping into it, so that by the fourth or fifth molt the now deeply cleft sixth segment appears the terminal one, underlying four dorsal seg- ments ; whereas. in the young of bofh sexes and in the adult male the terminal ventral segment underlies two dorsal ones. (See figures A-F, Plate VII.) EGGS. Normally, I think eggs would be laid about two weeks after mating, though the time observed varied from two days to 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 three weeks. In several instances as many as five lots of egg's were produced by one female Stagmomantis Carolina, at inter- vals of 10 days to two weeks apart, the last lots being small and imperfect. With both species, two or three batches of eggs seem quite commonly deposited by one mantis. The egg-mass of Paratcnodcra is much larger than that of our common species, measuring- about 2x2x2 cm., while the latter is 2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad and .75 cm. thick. Xearly all those laid by Paratcnodcra in the laboratory seemed incomplete and not so large as the original one found out-of-doors, but produced abundant young ones the following spring. The eggs are much more numerous in each mass, and instead of being in straight rows are arranged in a sort of fan-shaped series about a central stem or axis. Although numerous young of Paratcnodcra sincnsis were liberated on the Experiment Station Ground and elsewhere, only one adult has thus far been observed and no egg-masses have been found out-of-doors. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Figs. A-F. Changes in Ventral Abdominal Segments of Young Mantids Distinguishing Female and Male ; also Side Views of Tip of Abdomen. A. Before first molt Both Male and Female Show 8 segments. Terminal Ventral One Underlying 2 Dorsal Ones. B. Female after first Molt. Sixth and Seventh Segments Slightly Notched. C. Female after second Molt. Notches More Apparent. D. Female after third Molt. Seventh and eighth Segments Beginning to Disap- pear behind Notched sixth One. E. Female after fourth Molt. Sixth Segment More Deeply Cleft and Extending Further. F. Female and Male after fifth Molt. Female with Only 6 Ventral Segments, Tip Underlying 4 Dorsal Ones. Male 8 Segments as at First. Drawn by Virginia Anderson. PLATE VTIT. Common Mantids Just Hatching and Young ( )nes Detached from Egg-Mass before the Legs are Ready for Use. Enlarged. Photographed by E. C. Vaughn. Both plates are of Stagmomantis Carolina. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate VII. 3*5 B E" V c ? F CHANGES IN VENTRAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS OF YOUNG STAGMOMANTIS CAROLINA-DIDLAKE. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate VIII. STAGMOMANTIS CAROLINA, HATCHING AND AFTER HATCHING-DIDLAKE. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL N'ENYS 175 Thomas Lincoln Casey as a Coleopterist. By MELVILLE H. HATCH,! University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Thomas Lincoln Casey was born on February 19, 1857, at West Point, Xew York, the son of Gen. Thomas Lincoln Casey and Emma Weir, and grandson of Major Gen. Silas Casey. Predestined in this fashion for the army, it is with no surprise that we find him receiving his commission as First Lieutenant twenty-two years later (1879), and eventually rising to the rank of Colonel (1909). The chronological table at the con- clusion of this paper outlines the principal events of his career. Casey took up the study of Coleoptera as a hobby. He inher- ited sufficient means, not only to render him financially indepen- dent, but to purchase specimens and literature in large quan- tities and to publish the results of his investigations privately, when such appeared desirable. His not overly onerous duties in the army allowed him the time for collecting and the study of his specimens. By 1884, the year of his first published work, he had undoubtedly assembled a collection of consider- able proportions. A Revision of the Ciicitjidac of .lincrica North of Mc.vico (84*:69-112) published in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society for 1884, and submitted for publication on November 9 of the previous year, apparently constitutes Casey's first published work. He was closely associated with Leconte and Horn in the course of its preparation, and it repre- sents the spirit of those authors at its best. Keys, moderately long descriptions (10 to 20 lines), figures of nearly all the species, are all similar to those found in Horn's papers. Thir- teen new specimens are described out of a total of fifty-eight. The same year however, Casey published privately three papers of an entirely other tenor: two Contributions to the 1 Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Michigan. Throughout the present paper reference is mae\'s publica- tions as listed by Leng ( \ ( )2(), p. 375-376) and supplemented by him in 1925 (p. 100) by the use of two numerals to indicate the year followed by a semicolon and an indication of the page or pages. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 Descriptive and Systematic Coleopterology of North America (84: 1-60; 84: 61-198) and a Revision of the Stcnini of Amer- ica North of Ale.vico (84: 1-206). Xo less than 300 species, a large pecentage from uniques, are described as new in these papers, 148 of these Stenini, out of a total of 171 species of that tribe. In the first place, Casey insisted on replacing the hand- lens of Leconte and the earlier entomologists with the modern biobjective binocular microscope. He was always much inter- ested in securing accuracy of measurement and eliminating the personal equation as far as possible (98: 116-7). He points out, for instance, the tendency of Leconte constantly to exaggerate his dimensions. Furthermore, "It has been my aim," he wrote (84:61) "not only to describe the species, but to make a sep- arate study of each." This resulted in descriptions averaging about three-fourths of a page or fifty lines long, and revealed a mass of unsuspected differences to which Casey gave specific value. The reason for their private publication was undoubtedly, in part, because no current entomological journal would accept them. Indeed, with the exception of the years 1898-1900, when certain of his papers appeared in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, those of Casey's major contributions that were not published privately, appeared in the publications of various academies of science (California, 1885-87: Xew York, 1888-1897; St. Louis. 1905-1906; and Washington, 1907-1909). This was undoubtedly largely because of the greater facilities for the publication of extended memoirs offered by the academies. One may suggest, however, that the radical nature of the work played some part. The basis of Casey's specific discrimination was an in- creased attention to details of habitus and sculpture. The time had arrived when coleopterists looked with increasing suspicion upon differences founded upon color or color pattern. Differ- ences in proportion and sculpture were regarded as more sig- nificant. Casey took up with this tendency and carried it toward its logical conclusion, until at the time of his death he had published 8621 pages describing almost as many Nearctic xxxvii, '26] i-:\ TOM OLOGICAL NEWS 177 species as all other coleopterists tog-ether. I lis collection is >aid to have numbered 15,000 species. The pamphlets met with immediate opposition. |ohn 1',. Smith (Em. Amer. 1885, Vol. 158-59) found it "impossible to say a word of praise." The "descriptions are aggravating, for their minuteness of detail . . . and . . . are indi- vidual, and not characteristic of species." Tin- binocular microscope that he used showed him too much! Smith con- cluded with the surmise that he would live to regret the early effort, a prediction that was only very partially fulfilled (89:325). In the same year, Horn (1885:108-113 ) indicated a considerable number of the species as synonyms. Hut opposi- tion of this character did not continue. There lacked men of the temperament to contest the new species one by one, as they were announced. There gathered, instead, a general mistrust of the whole work. One of Casey's leading characteristics was that he did not regret. Granting his premises about the nature of specific differences, there was nothing to regret, for all attest to the extreme accuracy and honesty of his work. Very rarely, he admitted that he described a synonym as in the case of Bargains z'iridwcnens Beauv. and its variants (89: 325 ). I kit oftener, his restudy of old material led him to reject his previous deter- mination and describe the specimen as new or break up the series of his original species into several. In 1888 (88:18) Casey published a criticism of some of the tables in Leconte and Horn's Classification of the Coleof^tera of Nortli America. The cudgels were immediately taken up by John Hamilton (1888, p. 78), who suggested that Casey try constructing some tables of his own. The succeeding year-> constituted Casey's answer. I'.ut analysis, rather than syn- thesis, was always his dominant interest. I (is tables are usually to species, less frequently to genera and tribes, onlv very rarely to the primary family divisions and never to groups above the family. In the light of the relationship of Casey's work to Leconte and Horn's Classification of the ('olcoptcra of \orth America such a procedure is understood. Despite his criticism of this work, Casey accepted it as his point of departure, and 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 apparently never went so far as to regard the erection of an entirely new edifice a necessity. Casey ranged over the entire coleopterous series to such an extent that his failure to work with the aquatic families, Elateridae and Chrysomelidae is as noteworthy as his great amount of attention to Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae, Cerambycidae and Curculionidae. Among the families he monographed for North America north of Mexico are Scydmaenidae, Anthicidae, Dermestidae, Byrrhi- dae, Cucujidae, Cryptophagidae, Phalacridae, Coccinellidae, Alleculidae and Cisidae, and the subfamilies Rutelinae, Dynas- tinae and Cetoniinae among the Scarabaeidae. Hamilton would have triumphed, indeed, could he have lived to see Casey admit his inability to construct a dichotomous table to the thirteen tribes of Brazilian Barinae (22:3). Casey gave but scant inter- est and equal praise to such work as Batchley's Cole opt era of Indiana (11:199). Casey's first work, despite its radical character, conformed to traditional channels in so far as he availed himself of the col- lections of institutions (as the National Museum, and the Leconte collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology) and other scientists (Leconte, Horn, Schwarz). As late as 1890 he acknowledges such aid (90:307), and numerous of his earlier types were in these collections. In succeeding years, however, he ceased from this custom, and come to confine him- self entirely to his own collection, which was amassed largely by purchase. Among the more important of these purchases seem to have been, the cabinet of Dr. G. M. Levette of Indian- apolis, purchased in 1890 (90:501 ), and an extensive collection of Brazilian Barinae purchased from Herbert H. Smith about 1893. Among the American collectors from whom he obtained specimens by purchase or otherwise may be mentioned Wick- ham, Fall, Manee, Knaus, Blatchley, and Frost. He came to play a lone hand. He never consulted the other American collections, and often regrets his inability to study a particular species because his collectors had been unable to find it, when types may have been in existence in Philadelphia or Boston. In place of the types, he interpreted the published descriptions with the greatest strictness, and the least failure XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \E\YS 179 of the specimen at hand to correspond at all points with the written description justified its recognition as a new species. For instance, he once remarked (05:21) that his failure to secure H. H. Smith's collection of Brazilian Staphylinidae wa> one of the greatest disappointments of his scientific career. Their presence in the Carnegie Museum rendered them utterly unavailable for his purposes ! He displayed little willingness to cooperate in the production of such a work as lUatchley's Colcoptcra of Indiana ( 1910, p. 5 ), though his help is acknowl- edged in connection with Blatchley and Lena's Rh\nchopliora (1916, p. 6). The limitations involved in Casey's procedure in assembling his collection, together with the exhaustiveness of the study to which he subjected his specimens, resulted in a difficulty of a special nature that accompanies the use of his monographic revisions. Even the most extensive use of collections, from all parts of the country, so splendidly exemplified by certain of the work of Schaeffer, Leng, Fall and others, resulted in the most unfortunate geographic gaps. Casey's procedure, involv- ing only such material as he could purchase, and ignoring the accumulated collections, left much more serious gaps. The extreme significance that he attached to the most minute varia- tion rendered it probable that his taxonomic units were often of limited geographic range. The result was that a dispro- portionately small portion of the total variational range of the group in the light of his criteria was represented, and the chance rendered almost a certainty that specimens from numer- ous of the localities unrepresented in Casey's collection were as worthy of description as new as those that Casey himself recog- nized. Casey himself, undoubtedly felt this, and attributed it to the undeveloped condition of his science. Ikit it is a point that must be remembered in the use of his keys. Another departure made by Casey in much of his mono- graphic work, especially his later studies, was the practice of including mention of as many exotic genera and tribes as his material permitted. Tn this way he tended to break away from the provincialism that is still one of the outstanding traits of American coleopterology. (To be continued) 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 Conocephalus nigropleurus (Brunei) in Pennsylvania (Orthoptera). By HENRY Fox, Associate Entomologist, Fruit Insect Investi- gations, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture.* During the summer of 1925 the writer had the privilege of examining a series of collections of Orthoptera made on Montgomery Island, in the Susquehanna River, at Milton, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. These collections were made at the writer's suggestion by Mr. R. L. Coffin, a member of the staff of the Japanese Beetle Laboratory. Mr. Coffin, dur- ing the summer, was in charge of a party of Government scouts engaged in the work of keeping Montgomery Island and the surrounding country under surveillance because of the possi- bility of Japanese beetle infestation, a few of these insects hav- ing been taken on the island by one of the Government scouts the year before. The Orthoptera taken on the island were gath- ered primarily to get seasonal data for comparison with similar data from southern New Jersey. With a single exception, all the species represented in the collections are forms common to, and generally known to occur in, all parts of Pennsylvania, but in the material sent in I was surprised to find a few examples of the handsome black-sided grasshopper, Conocephalus nigropleurus (Bruner),-a species hitherto unrecorded from the State and not previously known farther east than Ithaca, New York. The discovery of this species in north-central Pennsylvania is another instance of how persistent local collecting will often reveal the presence of an unsuspected form far beyond the supposed limits of its range. According to information supplied by Mr. Coffin, the species was taken in only a very limited area, in a sort of slough along one side of the island. During high water this is overflowed, but at the time the collections were made it was overgrown with a variety of grasses and weeds together with clumps of low willows and patches of tall ragweed (Ambrosia trifida). * Publication authorized by the Secretary of Agriculture. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\\s 181 The species was,; represented in the collections by the follow- ing material : Montgomery Island, West Milton, Pa., VII 13, 1925, 1 juv. 3, 5th instar; VII 20, 1925, 1 9; VII 28, 1925, Id 1 . (R. L' Coffin, collector.) Other species of Orthoptera collected at the same locality are the following : Arphia .vanth&ptcra (Burm.), VIII 10, 1 juv. d 1 , 4th instar. Encoptolophus sordidus (Burm.), VII 6, juvs., VIII 10, jnvs. Dissosteira Carolina (Linn.), VII 6, juvs.; VII 13. 1 d 2 ?, 2 juvs.; VII 20, many adults and juvs.; VIII 10, 2 ?, 1 juv. ; VIII 17, 1 d 1 , 3 $; VIII 24, 1 d 1 , 1 juv. ?. Melanoplus mc.ricanus atlanis (Riley), VI 30, 2 d 1 1 ?; VII 6, 2?; VII 13, 1?. Mclanoplus fcnnir-rubntin (DeG.), \'I 30, juvs.; VII 6, juvs.; VII 13, juvs. ; VII 15, juvs.; VII 20, juvs.; VIII 10, 6 d 1 , 2 ?, many juvs. ; VIII 17, 11 d 1 , 8 ?, numerous juvs. ; VIII 24, 11 d 1 , 11 $; many juvs. Mclanoplus bivittahts (Say), VI 30, juvs.; VII 6, 1 d 1 ; VII 13, 3 d ; 5 ? ; VII 20, adults, nymphs ; VIII 10, 1 d 1 , 2 ?, 1 juv. ; VIII 17, 1 ?; VIII 24, 3c?, 2?. Phancroptera fnrcata (Bruner), VII 15, 1 juv. Orchelimum vulgar c (Harr. ), \'II 6, juv.; \'II 13, juv.; VII 17, 1 d 1 , 1 ?; VIII 24, 2 d 1 . Orchelimum gladiator (Bruner), VI 30, 1 juv. d 1 . 5th instar. Conocephahts fasciatus (DeG.), VII 6, juvs. ; VII 13, 1 juv. ; VII 15, juvs.; VII 20, 2 juvs.; VIII 10, 2 9, 2 juvs.; VIII 17, 2 d 1 , 3 ? ; VIII 24, 2 d\ 6 ?. Conocephalus brcvipcnnis (Scudd. ), VIII 10, 1 d 1 ; VIII 17, I'd 1 , 2 ?; VIII 24, I'd 1 , 3 ? (1 $ macropterous). Personal Mention. An oil painting of William Lochhead. emeritus professor of entomology and zoology in Macdonald College of McGill Uni- versity. Montreal, was unveiled on March 17 by Sir Arthur Currie, vice-chancellor and principal of the university. The portrait was painted by Mr. G. Home Russell, president of the Royal Canadian Academy, on subscription of a large number of Prof. Lochhead's colleagues, former pupils and other friends. -(Science, March 26, 1926.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1926. Collecting Homoptera in Mexico. G. F. FERRIS, Assistant Professor of Zoology at Stanford University, who has been traveling during the past year in Mexico expects to arrive home about the first of June. As was announced in Entomological News of last July (p. 209) he originally planned to accompany a geological party sailing on a private yacht to Mexico and South America. Unfortunately the boat was sunk in a collision only a few days before the party was due to leave and he was compelled to reorganize his plans. He consequently went to Mazatlan, on the west coast of Mexico by train. He spent some time about Mazatlan, San Bias and Tepic and also visited the Tres Marias Islands, about sixty miles off the coast, which are occupied only by a Mexican penal colony. Also some time was spent about Manzanillo and Colima and in an attempt to ascend the Volcano of Colima. The at- tempt was frustrated, however, by heavy and entirely unseason- able rains and snows. From Colima he proceeded on foot with two burros to carry his equipment and accompanied by a Mexican boy to Acapulco, a distance of about four hundred and fifty miles through the mountains, five weeks being spent on this trip. After a stay of three weeks in the vicinity of Acapulco, he went by steamer to Salina Cruz and then visited and collected about that port, Puerto Mexico on the east coast and several other points on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. His last collecting will be in the region about Mexico City. His principal purpose was the collecting of material in the Coccidae and in this group a very extensive collection was ob- tained. From field observations alone it is impossible to judge with any exactness as to the richness of the collection, but it is known to contain a large number of unusual forms and, unless there proves to be an entirely unsuspected amount of duplication, it may be roughly estimated that it numbers in the neighbor- hood of three hundred and fifty species. Nearly all of these are from wild hosts, as no special attempt was made to obtain ma- terial from cultivated trees and shrubs. In addition to the Coccidae there is a small collection of Aphids, for the Aphid fauna appears to be extremely poor, but of much importance for practically nothing has been known of this family in Mexico. Of the species it can at present be said 182 XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 only that no evidence appears of the presence of any special and peculiar tropical fauna. There was also obtained a very interesting collection of Cher- mi ds (Psyllids), this being especially valuable as in the majority of cases both nymphs and adults were secured. It includes a number of gall-making" forms and undoubtedly most of the species are undescribed. An incidental collection of Aleyrodids and some small amount of material in certain other groups was also secured. No at- tempt was made to gather general collections. The collections are the private property of Professor Ferris but it is expected that they will eventually be deposited in the entomological collections of the newly organized [Museum of Biology at Stan- ford. With the addition of this material the value of the collec- tion of Coccidae now contained in that Museum and already probably the second largest in the world will be very materially increased. Professor Ferris reports an extremely enjoyable year, en- tirely devoid of unpleasant incidents of any sort and even of illness although wild and unfrequented, and in part very un- healthy, portions of the country were visited. Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed. 5 Psyche. 8 The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 9 The Entomologist. 13 Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14 Ent. Zeitschrift. Frankfurt, a. M. 15 Insecutor Ins. Menstruus. 17 Ent. Rundschau. Stuttgart. 18 Internationale Ent. Zeit.. (luben. 20 So- cietas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 22 Bulletin of Ent. Re- search, London. 24 Annales, Soc. Ent de France. 26 Ent. Anzeiger. Wien. 33 Bull, et Annul. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 36 Trans., Ent. Soc.. London. 39 The Florida Entomol- ogist. 47 Neue Beitr. z. Syst. Insektenkunde. 56 Kon- owia, Wien. 59 Encyclopedic Ent., Paris. 68 Science. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 69 Comptes Rendtis, Acad. Sci., Paris. 71 -Novitates Zoo- logicae. 75 Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77 Comptes Rendus, Soc. Biologic, Paris. 89 Zool. Jahr- bucher, Jena. 101 Biol. BulletiiOWoods Hole, Mass. 103- Proc., Zool. Soc., London. 104 Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leip- zig. 107 Biologisches Zentralblatt. 116 Ann. of Applied Biology. 117 Proc., Linnean Soc., N. S. Wales. 120- Ann., Naturh. Mus., Wien. 133 Jour. Experimental Zool. 153 Bull., Mus. Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris. 154 Zoolog. Anzeiger. GENERAL. Bequaert, J. Insects and man in tropical America. Natural History, xxvi, 133-46. Bergroth E. E. Obituary. 8, 1926, 63-7. ' Cockayne, E. A. Teratological specimens in the Hope Dept. of Zool. in the Oxford Univ. Mus. 36, 1925, 395-402. Ebert, H. Entomologie und zet- telkatalog 17, xliii,.10. Hancock, G. L. R. Winter ento- mological visit to Central Brazil. 9, lix, 49-52. Howard, L. O. Great economic waste. rNatural History, xxvi, 124-32. Karny, H. H. Zur nomenklaturfrage. Treubia, Buitzen- zorg, vi, 442-9, 1925. Lutz, F. E. Taking- nature lore to the public. Friendly insects. Insects sounds. Natural Historv, xxvi, 111-24; 147-51; 206-213. Mutchler & Lutz. Principal orders of insects. Natural History, xxvi, 164. Roeher, A. Ueber das wesen der farbung und des geruchs. 26, vi, 41-44. Savin, W. M. Some residents of a brook. Natural History, xxvi, 184-90. Wardle & Buckle.- Principles of insect con trol. Pub. Univ. Manchester, Biol. Ser. No. 3, 295 pp. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Kopec, S. Is the insect metamorphosis influenced by thy- riod feeding? 101, 1, 339-54. Payne, N. M. Freezing and survival of insects at low temperatures. Quart. Rev. Biol., i, 270-82. Van Herk, A. H. Les insectes voient-ils des couleurs? Contr. a la question par des experiences faites sur Scatophaga stercoraria. Arch. Neerl. Phys. de Homme et Animaux, x, 510-41. Weber, H. Das problem der glie- derung des insektenthorax. 154, Ixvi, 9-31; 115-32. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. du Buisson, M.- Recherches sur la circulation sanguine et la ventilation pulmonaire chez les scorpions. Bui. Sci., Ac. R. Belg., xi, 666-80. Gottlieb, K. Ueber das gehirn des scorpions. 104, cxxvii, 185-243. Brown, B. Another luminous spider. 68, Ixiii, 383. Jawlowski, H. Ueber die funktionen des zentralnervensystems des Lithobius forficatus [Polish]. Trav. Soc. Sci. Let., Wilno, i, 57-72. 2924. Petrunkevitch, A. Value of instinct as a taxonomic character in spiders. 101, 1, 427-32. XXXvii, '26] K.\TOMOI.O<;ICAL NEWS 1 > r (S) *Hirst, S. On some new genera and specie- of Arachnida [one sp. from Gorgona Id.j. 103, T'25. 1271-80. *Petrunkevitch, A. Spiders from the Virgin Islands. Tr. Conn. Ac. Arts & Sci.. xxviii, 21-78. *Stanley, A. ( )n the parasitic mites of the suborder Prostigmata (Tnnn- bidioidea) found on lizards [one sp. cited from Texas]. Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xxxvi, 173-200. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Abbott, C. E. Death feigning in Anax junius and Aeschna sp. 5, xxxiii, 8-10. Calvert, P. P. Relations of a late autumnal dragonfly (Odoriata) to temperature. -Ecology vii, 185-90. Willem, V. Notes ethologiques sur divers Collemboles. -Bui. Sci.. Ac. R. Belg., xi, 617-36. (N) *Snyder, T. E. Notes on termites from Arizona with descriptions of two n. sps. Univ. Cal. Pub., Zool., xxviii, 389-97. *Tillyard, R. J. Kansas permian insects. The order Copeognatha. Am. Jour. Sci., xi, 315-39. *Wat- son, J. R. New Thysanoptera from Florida and Key to Xo. Am. sps. of Chicothrips. 3'9, ix, 58-60. (S) * Watson, J. R. Two new Thysanoptera from Cuba. -39, ix, 53-5. ORTHOPTERA. Abbott, R. L. Contributions to the physiology of digestion in the Australian roach. 133, xliv, 219-53. Murray, M. R. Secretion in the amitotic cells of the cricket egg follicle. 101, 1. 210-34. Pospelov, V. P. Influence of temperature on the maturation and general health of Locusta migratoria. 22, xvi, 363-7. Toumanoff, K. L'action combinee de 1'obscurite et la temperature sur la melanogenese chez Dixippus morosus. 77, xciv, 565-6. HEMIPTERA. Ackerman, L. Physiological basis of wing production in the grain aphid. 133, xliv, 1-61. Gim- ingham, C. T. --On the presence of an egg-burster in Aphididae. 36, 1925, 585-90. Janisch, R. Lebemveise und systematik der "schwarzen blattlause."- Arb. Biol. Reichs. f. Landu. Forstw., Berlin, xiv, 291-366. Mahdihassan, S. Early recognition of sex among lac insects. Jour. Indian lust. Sci., ix a, 1-24. Poisson, R. Les elements cytoplas- miques figures et leur evolution au c<>urs de la spermato- genese chez Notonecta maculata. 77, xciv, 562-4. Smith, K. M. Comparative study of the feeding methods of cer- tain hemiptera. 116, xiii, 109-39. (N) Drake, C. J. North Am. Tingitidae drscribrd b\ Stal. An. Carnegie Mus., xvi, 375-80. Stichel, W. Die systematische stellung der gattung M vodocha.- 56, i\ . 392-8. (S) *Hungerford, H. B. Some Notonecta from South 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 America. 5, xxxiii, 11-15. *Larrousse, F. Descr. de deux especes nouv. clu genre Triatoma. Am. Parasit. Hum. et Comp., iv, 136-9. *Osborn, H. Neotropical Homop- tera. . .Report upon the collections in the subfamily Cicadellinae with descriptions of n. sps. An. Carnegie s.; xvi, 155-248. LEPIDOPTERA. Clark, A. H. Notes on the odors of some New England butterflies. 5, xxxiii, 1-5. Deutsch, A. Ueber lauterzeugung bei schmetterlingen. 26, 33-5, Foester, E. Frische Luft und feuchtigkeit, ein haupter- fordernis zu erfolgreicher raupenzucht. 17, xliii, 9. Harri- son & Peacock. On parthenogenesis originating in lepidop- terous crosses. Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumb., Durham & Newcas.-upon-Tyne, vi, 201-17. Kellogg, V. Color dust of the butterfly. Natural History, xxvi, 152-8. Mjoberg, E. Strange way in which the vishnu moth (Trabala vishnu) deposits her eggs in the shape of larvae. 5, xxxiii, 6-7. Patch, E. M. Adventures of Ctenucha a meadow cater- pillar. Natural History, xxvi, 200-13. Philpott, A. Labial palpi of Trichophysetis cretacea and Argyria amo- enalis. 177, 1, 381-2. Prueffer, J. La phenomene d'alleche- ment des males par des femelles cher Lymantria dispar. [Polish] Trav. Soc. Sci. Let., Wilno, i, 138-45. Tschir- winsky, P. Einige optische beobachtungen an den schup- pen der schmetterlinge. 89, xlviii, Anat., 1-18. Watson & Lutz. Our common butterflies. Natural History, xxvi, 165-83. (N) Barnes & Benjamin. List of diurnal lepidoptera. Bui. So. Cal. Acad. Sci., xxv, 3-27. *Barnes & Benjamin. Synonymic notes and n. sps. of L. 15, xiv, 1-10. *Cockerell, T. D. A. A new fossil moth from Florissant. 5, xxxiii, 16-17. Philpott, A. Venation of the Hepialidae. 36, 1925. 531-35. Rebel, H. Revision des formenkreises von Philo- samia cynthia. 120, xxxix, 154-76. (S) *Avinoff, A. Descriptions of some n. sps and var. of Rhopalocera in the Carnegie Mus. An. Carnegie Mus., xvi, 355-74. *Draut, M. Gross-Schmetterl. der Erde, Fauna Amer., vii. 221-252. Fletcher, T. B. On Walker's types of plume-moths in the National Coll.: Redescription and notes. 36, 1925. 599-639. Haviland & Poulton. De- fensive colour and pattern in four caterpillars from Br. Guiana. 36, 1925, 575-79. *Jones, F. M. A new psychic! from South America. 26, 1925, 509-11. Michael, O. Be^ trachtungen liber die Nymphaliden der Amazonasebene und der angrenzendcm teile der andinen region. 14, xxxix, 185-88. (Cont.) *Niepelt, W. Neue und wenig bekannte sudamerikanische tagfalter. 18, xix, 352-4. *Prout, L. B. New Geometridae. 71, xxxiii, 1-32. XXXvH, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 DIPTERA. Ballou, L. M. Some dipterous galls of Cali- fornia. 13, xviii, 25-32. Freeborn, S. B. The mosquitoes of California. Univ. Cal. Pub., Knt.. iii, 333-460. Gianfer- rari, L. Esperienze di alimentazione di Calliphora erythro- cephala con corticale e midollare surrenale. At. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Milano. Ixiv, 219-29. Keeler, C. E. Re- cent work by Gabritschevsky on the inheritance of color var. in Volucella bombylans. 5, xxxiii, 22-7. Langeron, M. Sexualite des larves de moustiques. An. Parasit. Hum. et Comp., iv, 126-35. MacGregor, M. E. Some effects of electric current on mosquito development. 22, xvi. 315-17. Ruebsaaman & Hedicke. Die cecidomyiden und ihre ceci- dien. Zoologica, xxix, Lief. 1, Heft 77, 112 pp., pis. Solowiow, P. Zur biologie von Anopheles maculipennis. -20, xli, 9-10. Thompson, W. R. Recherches sur les lar- ves des Tachinaires Strumia, Winthemia, Carcellia et Exorista. An. Parasitol. Hum. et Comp., iv, 111-25. (N) Aldrich, J. M. On the status of the generic name Anthrax Scop. What is Oestrus nasalis Lin.?- 15, xiv. 12-15; 15-16. *Alexander, C. P. Undescribed sps. of crane flies from U. S. and Canada. 15, xiv, 19-24. Duda, O.- Monographie der Sepsiden. 120, xxxix, 1-153. Johnson, C. W. Distribution of Muscina pascuorum in America. 5, xxxiii, 20-1. *Rogers, J. S. A new Dicranomyia allied to D. immodesta (Tipulidae). 39, ix, 49-52. *Townsend, C. H. T. Xew Holarctic Muscoidea. 15, xiv, 24-41. (S) *Bertoni, A. W. Nuevo Phlebotomus o karachai del Paraguay. Rev. Soc. Cien. Parag., ii, 79. Dyar, H. G.- Note on Phalangomyia. Larva of Dendromyia intonca. 15, xiv, 41-3; 43-4. *Komp, W. H. W. A new Culex from Honduras. 15, xiv. 44-5. *Seguy, E. Etude sur quel- ques Calliphorines testaces rares ou pen connus. 153, 1925, 439-41. *Shannon, R. C. The occurrence of Phlebotomus in Panama. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., xvi, 190-3. COLEOPTERA. (N) Falcoz, L. Position systema- tique des genres Diphyllus et Diplocoelus. 59, (B), Col.. i, 69-73. Fleutiaux, E. Remarques et observations sur le Catalogue des Elateridae, Ire part, de Schenkling. 24, xcv, 91-112. (S) Bertoni, A. W. Coccinelidos del Paraguay. Kev. Soc. Cien. Paraguay, ii, 74. *Bryant, G. E.- New >pirie> of Phytophaga. [one from Haiti]. 75, xvii. 403-10. :: Thery, A. Recherches synonymiques sur les Huprestides et descr. especes nouvelles. 33, Ixvi, 33-74. *Wendeler, H.- Zwei neue Taenodema-arten aus Costa Rica (Staphylinidae). 47, iii, 147-8. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 HYMENOPTERA. Hannes, . F. Bienenflugton und fliig-elschlag-zahl. 107, xlvi, 129-42. Karawajew, W. Ijeber den nestbau von Polyrhachis tubifex (Formicidae). 107, xlvi, 143-5. Metalnikov et Chorine. Due role jour les hymenopteres dans 1'infection de Galleria mellonella. -69, clxxxii, 729-30. Pagden, H. T. Observations on the habits and parthenogenesis of Methoca ichneumonidae fVespoidea). 36, 1925, 571-98. Schwartz, H. F. Some in- teresting- habits of our native bees. Natural History, xxvi, 159-63. Stadler, H. Drohnenbriitigkeit bei wespen. 154, Ixvi, 92-6. (N) *Gahan, A. B. Notes on Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea) bred from psyllids, with descr. of a n. sp. 22, xvi, 373-5. Santschi, F. Trois notes myrmecologiques. 24, xcv, 13-28. *Viereck, H. L. Descr. of new bees of the genus Andrena in the collection of Pomona College. 13, xviii, 1-5. (S) . *Bertoni, A. W. Himenopteros nuevos o poco cono- cidos. Rev. Soc. Cien. Paraguay, ii, 74-9. Cockerell, T. D. A. Descr. and records of bees. ClX. 75, xvii, 301-9. SPECIAL NOTICES La plaga de la langosta en Mexico. Publicado por el de- partamento de informacion y propanganda. Junta Nacional Directora de la Campana Contra la Langosta. Veracruz. This publication, of small octavo size, 179 pp., ill., con- tains general information about the migratory locust and its ravages in Mexico. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. An Introductory Text-Book of In- sects in their Relation to Man. By H. T. FERNALD. Second Edition. McGraw Book Co., Inc., New York. 395 pp. $3.50. The first edition of this book appeared in 1921 and was re- viewed in the NEWS, vol. xxxii, p. 285. The second edition shows very little change in contents, so we will refer the reader to our earlier review, confining the present note to the additional matter incorporated, of which the following may be mentoned: The Mexican Bean Beetle and the Oriental Fruit Moth are among the additional pests included. Mention is made of the discovery in Florida of a member of the new order Zoraptera ; and additional facts concerning leaf hoppers and lepidopterous borers are given. "The chapter on 1 fymenoptera has been con- siderably rearranged to bring it more nearly into agreement with the order followed by Comstock in the new edition of his Introduction to Entomology a chapter has been added, , dealing with injurious animals more or less related to insects with which the entomologist is expected to cope," such as ticks, spiders and mites. E. T. CRESSON, JR. XXXVH, '26] KXTO.MOI.OIilCAL XF.\YS Doings of Societies. The American Entomological Society. Meeting of December 17, 1925, in the hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Skinner presiding. Thir- teen members and visitors were present. The meeting was opened to nominations of officers and com- mittees. Dr. Skinner and Dr. Calvert were nominated for president, in succession, but both declined the nomination. Other nominations were made to be voted on at the January meeting. Mr. F. M. Jones made a short communication on a future publication of his on Psychicl moths. Dr. Skinner made a few remarks on the Satyrinae and illu- strated with mounted specimens. Meeting of January 28, 1926, in the same hall. Dr. Skinner presiding. Fourteen members and visitors weie present. The annual reports of the Recording Secretary and the Librarian were read. Mr. Cresson, Jr., read an informal report of the Treasurer, which was referred to the Finance Committee for audit. Mr. Rehn read the report of the Publication Com- mittee and a supplementary report of a later meeting of the same committee. The report of the Committee on Collecting Trips was read with a program of trips for the 1926 season. A motion made by Mr. Cresson, Jr., that "until further notice, meetings be held on the fourth Thursday of January, February, March, April. May, September and October, and on the third Thursday of November and December," was passed. A motion was made and passed: "It is suggested that at the meetings to be held in February, April, September and Xovem- ber of this year, only business of an important nature be pre- sented, these meetings to be considered as meetings during which members and visitors may consult the collections and library under the supervision of the responsible officers and their representatives." Dr. Henry Skinner was elected to honorary membership. Mrs. C. Reed Carey was elected a resident member. The fol- lowing nominees, of the December meeting, were elected unani- mously for 1926: R. C. Williams, President; P. Laurent, J 'ice- President ; J. A. C. Rehn, C'r>r;v.v/\ >;/rdin^ Secretary; F. T. Cresson, Jr.. Treasurer: E. T. Cresson. Jr., Librarian: \\ . }. Coxcy, ('urator. riinmee Committee -II. Skinner, M. llebard. \V. J. Coxey. Publication Committee J. A. ( ',. Rehn. P. I'. Calvert, II. Skinner. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 Library Committee F. M. Jones, F. R. Mason. W. J. Coxey. A motion by Mr. Hornig, giving Dr. Skinner and Dr. Calvert a vote of thanks for past services was approved. Mr. Rehn moved that honorary members receive publications of the So- ciety free of charge ; approved. Meeting of February 25, 1926, in the same hall. Mr. Wil- liams presiding. Eight members and one visitor were present. The meeting was adjourned and given over to identification of specimens and consultation of the library by members. R. J. TITHERINGTON, Recording Secretary. Kansas Entomological Society. The second annual meeting of the Kansas Entomological Society was held on April 24th. at Lawrence, Kansas. The program consisted of informal talks on the entomological prob- lems under way in the state. Officers selected for the ensuing year are Dr. R. C. Smith, president, and R. H. Beamer, sec- retary. OBITUARY. DR. ERNST EVALD BERGROTH. The eminent Finnish Entomologist, Dr. Ernst Evald Berg- roth, passed away on the 22nd of November, 1925, in his 68th year. He was born in Jakobstadt, April 1st, 1857, and very early developed an abiding interest in natural history. He entered the University of Helsingsfors when 17 years of age, taking a course in mathematics and natural sciences. In 1879, shortly before concluding this course, he changed to medi- cine. From Helsingsfors he went to Stockholm to finish his studies and there received his diploma to practice in 1886 and in that same year was married. All during this period, both at Helsingsfors and at Stockholm, he kept up his interest and study of natural history. While at Helsingsfors Dr. Bergroth came in close contact with the celebrated Hemipterist, Dr. O. M. Renter, whose scholarly attainments were a great in- spiration to him. At Stockholm he had the opportunity to study the extensive collections of Hemiptera which were the basis of Stal's classic work. Although Dr. Bergroth did not at first confine himself strictly to the Hemiptera, it must have Xvii, '26] ENTOiMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 been largely these two influences in his life which later nat- urally inclined him in that direction. After receiving his di- ploma he practiced medicine in Finland from 1887 to 1905, first as Community Doctor at Tammela and later as Chief Doctor in Tammerfors. He was very highly regarded as a physician in his native country: but his international reputa- tion was established not by virtue of his profession but because of his scholarly contributions to the knowledge of the Hemip- tera of the world. Dr. I.ergroth lived in the United States from 1905 to 1911, going first to Seattle, Washington, where he remained for a few months and then to Duluth, Minnesota, where he prac- ticed medicine during 1906 and 1907. Later, until 1911, he lived in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, from which place he re- turned to resume practice in his native country. While in the United States he apparently made no extensive collections of Hemiptera but he did visit most of the prominent museums, borrowing and studying material which formed the basis of a number of his later papers. He was an excellent linguist, speaking and writing a number of languages with equal facility, and it was this great linguis- tic ability which helped him to gain such a wide knowledge of entomological literature. After his sojourn in the United States he became so adept in the use of English that most of his later papers were written in that language. His mastery of tongues also gave him wide opportunities for publication in the entomological magazines in various countries of Europe. It was a wonderful achievement that, leading such a busy pro- fessional life, he could find the time to contribute so much to the knowledge of the Hemiptera of the world. Altogether from the appearance of his first scientific paper in 1878 up to 1925 he had contributed over 300 articles, most of which are de- voted to Hemiptera. lie did not find the time to write ex- tensive monographs, as did other professional Entomologists, but all his papers are of great importance to the student ; for they contain, besides the descriptions of new species, running comments and criticisms which add greatly to the value of his articles. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '26 It is said that he possessed no extensive collection but availed himself of the rich store of specimens in various museums. In addition to this much material passed through his hands from collectors all over the world. The Hemipterists in the United States have always been much impressed by the wide grasp of his knowledge of the subject. His papers as they came along' at frequent intervals, some five or six a year, were ex- amined with great interest. His wonderful memory of sys- tematized facts, his keen analysis of salient points and his clear, fluent method of expression make his papers most inter- esting and valuable reading to the systematise He was quick to detect superficial, careless work and it was typical of the man that he could not tolerate such, his criticisms being often quite caustic. How many of us were accustomed to refer to him some question of doubt; how many of us were encouraged along the way by his helpful correspondence ! Though by his passing the Entomological world has been deprived of these helpful personal contacts, it has been left richer in inspiration to research by the example of his life. H. G. BARBER. Science for April 2, 1926, announces the death of BENJAMIN PICKMAN MANN, on March 22, at Washington, D. C, where he had been an examiner in the United States Patent Office since 1887. He was born at West Newton, Massachusetts, April 30, 1848, received the A. B. from Harvard in 1870, was govern- ment entomologist in Brazil, 1870-71 ; consulting economic entomologist, 1872-81 ; assistant entomologist and assistant in the division of entomology, U S. Department of Agriculture, 1881-1886; the first edito/of Psyche ( 1874-85), and President in 1883 of the Cambridge Entomological Club, of which he was one of the foundation members, January 9, 1874. A prominent feature of the early volumes of Psyche was the ''Bibliographical Record," compiled by Mann, who devoted himself especially to this side of entomology. Dr. HENRY SKINNER died in the I'olyclinic Hospital, Phila- delphia, on Saturday, May 29, after a short illness. A fuller notice will appear later. JULY, 1926 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXXVII No. 7 JAMES RIDINGS 1803-1880 ,!'," - CONTENTS Jone The Rediscovery of " Hesperia bulenta" Bdl.-Lec., with Notes on other Species (Lepid. Hesperiidae) 193 Hatch Thomas Lincoln Casey as a Coleopterist 198 Metcalf A Killing Bottle for Collecting Small Active Insects 203 Porter In South America 204 Champlain and Knull Notes on Cerambycidae with Descriptions of New Species (Coleop.) 205 Herrick The " Ponderable" Substance of Aphids (Homop.) 207 Abbott Notes on the Habits of Formica dakotensis specularis (Emery) (Hym.: Formicidae) 210 Weiss Frank Cowan and his " History of Insects" 212 Editorial Henry Skinner , 215 Changes of Addresses 215 Personal Mention . 215 Entomological Literature PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Secti*c Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society. Philip P. Calyert, Ph.D., Editor ; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. Advisory Committee: Ezra T. Cresson, Philip Laurent, J. A. G. Rehn. The subscription price per year of ten (10) numbers is as follows: United States and possessions . . $3.00 Canada, Central and South America . 3.15 Foreign .... ... 3.25 Single copies 35 cents ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. One issue, 1 in., $ 1.20, 2 in., $ 2.40, half page, $ 4.00, full page,, $ 8.00 Ten issues " 11.00, " 20.00, 35.00, 70.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or 01 reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to Entomo- logical News, 1900 Race St, Philadelphia, Pa. All complaints regarding non-receipt of issues of the NEWS should be ,$j presented within three months from date of mailing of the issue. After that time the numbers will be furnished only at the regular rate for single 1 copies. 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The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty- five given free at the following rates: One or two pages, twenty-five copies, 35 cents; three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copits. $1.40; nine to twelve pages, twe_nty-five copies. $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five copies, 30 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty-five copies, 25 cents; greater number* f copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII. Plate IX. 2a PROBLEMA BULENTA 1, U cf, 2, 2A 9; AMBLYSCIRTES CAROLINA 5, 5A $, A. CAROLINA REVERSA 3, SA cf, 4 9.- JONES. ENTOMOLOGICAL N E WS VOL. XXXVII JULY, 1926 No. 7 The Rediscovery of " Hesperia bulenta" Bdl.-Lec., with Notes on other Species (Lepid. Hesperiidae). Jly FRANK.MORTON JONES, Wilmington, Delaware. (Plate IX.) One of the puzzles handed down from the earlier days of North American lepidopterology has been the identity of "Hes- peria bulenta" (Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., plate 67, 1833, with figures of the male, female, under surface of the female, the larva and the pupa, all reproduced without text description from drawings by Abbot). Do these figures represent a species im- properly accredited to our fauna? Are they poor drawings of a species more familiar to us under another and later name? Or does such an insect exist, presumedly in coastal Georgia, but not rediscovered since Abbot's time? In the subsequent literature, the name has been variously treated: from Smith's two lists (1891-1903) it is omitted; similarly from Skinner's Catalogue (1898) and Supplement (1904), and from Dyar's List (1902); Edwards (1872) lists it as a valid species, accrediting it to "Gulf States"; in his Catalogue of 1877 he refers his own species, palatka, to the synonymy under bulenta: and in his revised Catalogue of 1884 he restores palatka and lists bulenta among species omitted for want of authentication; Strecker (1878) lists ''pilatka 1 Edw. as a synonym of bulenta IUll.-Lec. ; Scudder (1871) lists bulenta among species he has been unable to examine or de- termine, and in 1889 he refers bulenta Streck. to palatka Edw., but states that bulenta 15(11. -Lee. is not the same insect: Marnes & McDunnough (1917) place bulenta 15dl.-Lec., with a query. under byssus Edw. (if identical, bulenta would have- priority) ; and Lindsey (1921) says he follows McDunnough in placing bulenta "tentatively as a synonym of b\ssus" ; Skinner \- \\il- liams (1924) dissent from previous identifications and from the relegation of the name to the synonymy, and list bulenta 193 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '26 as a species not available for study but included in their genus ProbI ana, with byssus Edw. the genotype. We have then, Ed- wards, Scudder, Skinner & Williams, in their final references, agreeing that bnlcnta Bdl.-Lec. must be distinct from our recog- nized allied species. In July, 1925, the Writer made a collecting trip through coastal Virginia and North Carolina, with Wilmington, North Carolina, as his southern limit ; at this point, crossing the ferry, which at frequent intervals connects the city with the two-mile causeway through the swamps (old rice lands) to the west, he found here a most favorable collecting place, especially for the Hcspcriidac; the embanked roadway offered firm footing, the broad ditches on either side were choked with a luxuriant and varied flora ; here and there, abundant blooms of Poeneath, both primaries and secondaries are yellow, the secondaries without marks; the primaries are deeper in color basally, paler and duller apically ; the end of the cell is marked with a bar, less conspicuously than above; the base of the win- is densely black, this marking not reaching the costa, but filling the base of the cell, following the cubitus to the origin of ( iij , the inner margin broadly to the anal vein, and the outer margin more diffusely to Ciij, with scattered dark scales on the pale ground between Cu L > and the anal vein; fringes of both wing> pale dull yellow. Expanse 33 mm. ?. Similiar to the c? in ground color, but with the dark areas expanded and the veins darkened; the discal bar of primaries becomes part of a broad shade which extends distally to partial fusion with the outer border; the basal shade widens to include the base of the cell, and the whole costal area is darkened and basally overlaid with ferruginous. The secondaries have a broad bar closing the cell and in con- tact with the costal border; and the darkening of the cubitus and its branches splits up the yellow area. I'.eneath. the secon- daries are bright clear yellow, without marks; the primaries 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '26 show more tendency toward ferruginous, and the black basal area fills the cell ; the diffusely blackened area of the outer margin below Cu^ is broader than in the c?, and between this and the densely black basal area the ground pales to almost white. Expanse 40 mm. The c? insect here described as bit lent a agrees with the Bcll.- Lec. plate in the absence of a sex-mark (palatka '26 1897 40 Death of George H. Horn (Nov. 24). 1898 41 Married Laura Welsh of Philadelphia (June 1); Major (July 5); stationed at Hamp- ton Roads, Va. 1898-190041-43 Published in Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc. (Cisidae, Coccinellidae, Dermestidae, etc.) 1901 44 Residence at Vicksburg, Miss. 1902-06 45-49 Mississippi River Commission, residence 1 apparently at St. Louis. 1905-06 48-49 Published in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis ( Staphylinidae ) . 1906 49 Lieutenant Colonel (Sept. 26). 1906-10 49-53 Member and engineering secretary of Light House Board. 1907 50 Residence at Washington, D. C, after this year. 1907-09 50-52 Published in Wash. Acad. Sci. ( Tenebrioni- dae, Buprestidae). 1909 52 Colonel (Sept. 21). 1910 53 Blatchley : Colcoptcra of Indiana. 1910-24 53-67 Memoirs on, the Colcoptcra I-XI. 1912 Retired (Alar. 1). 1916 59 Blatchley and Leng: Rhynchophora of N. E. Amer. 1920 63 Leng: Catalogue of Colcoptcra of America North of Mexico. 1925 67 Died, Washington, D. C. (Feb. 3). BIBLIOGRAPHY. BLAISDELL, F. E. 1926. Thomas Lincoln Casey. Pan-Pacific Ent. 2:90-91. HAMILTON, JOHN. 1888. Thoroughness in Entomological Tables. Ent. Amer. 4:78. HORN, G. H. 1885. Synonymical Notes. (No. 3) Ent. Amer. 1:108-113. HORN, W. 1915. Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae. Sub- fam. Cicindelidae, Genera Insectorum Fas. 82, 1908-1915. LENG, C. W. 1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. Sherman, Mount Vernon, N. Y. LENG, C. W. 1925. Thomas Lincoln Casey. Ent. News. 36:97-100. SCHWARZ, E. A., & MANN, W. M. 1925. Colonel Thomas Lincoln Casey. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:42-43, portrait. SMITH, JOHN B. 1885. Book Notices. Ent. Amer. 1 :58-5 l ). xxxvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 A Killing Bottle for Collecting Small Active Insects. 1 My Z. P. METCALF, Raleigh, North Carolina. The usual method of collecting small active insects, such as leaf hoppers, etc., is to collect them with a strong bag and to take them from the bag by means of small cyanide vials which are held in the hand with the mouth of the vial closed by the thumb, until the insect has settled to the bottom. In this way these active insects may be collected rather rapidly. The chief limitation of this method is that one must wait until the insect has settled to the bottom of the vial or be- come quiescent before he can remove his thumb to scoop up another specimen. On account of this delay valuable specimens will often be lost. The limitations of this method were especially noticeable in some work the writer is doing on the ecological distribution of common leaf hoppers in our mountain pas- tures. In this work it is desirable to secure all the specimens collected on definite areas. But by the usual method, large numbers of leaf hoppers would escape from the beating bag before they could be collected in the cyanide vial. We tried the method of placing the whole bag in a large killing bottle and wait- ing until the insects were killed and then sort- ing out the leaf hoppers. But this method was slow and the labor of sorting out the dead leaf hoppers from the weed seeds and other trash was very tedious. Finally we designed the killing tube shown in the attached cut which has proved very effective. It consists of a piece of glass tubing about four inches long by an inch in diameter. One 1 Published with the approval of the Director of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station as paper number 9 of the Journal Series. x 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '26 end is closed by a cork stopper of suitable size which carries a small vial containing cyanide. The other end is closed by another cork stopper which is pierced by a glass tube of suffi- cient diameter to allow the largest specimen to pass and just long enough to project beyond the cork stopper at either end. This small tube is closed by a small stopper to prevent the escape of the cyanide fumes when the tube is not in use. In use the insects are scooped up by means of the smaller tube as rapidly as possible. Usually they will pass through the tube with a single leap. Hence the necessity of having the tube as short as possible. Once they have entered the larger tube there is practically no chance of their escape even though the smaller tube is open. The cyanide may be placed in a small vial as recommended above, or it may simply be packed around the cork and cov- ered by pieces of cardboard cut slightly larger than the tube and pressed down firmly. Tubes, in our experience, are more desirable than vials because both stoppers may be easily re- moved and the old cyanide taken out, the tube cleaned and new cyanide inserted. The writer believes that this same method may be used to advantage in collecting other small insects, especially those that are very active. Hence he thinks it is worth passing on for the benefit of others. In South America. Mr. A. F. Porter wrote from La Paz, Bolivia, on March 18: "I am spending a few days in the capital of Bolivia after a day at Cuzco, looking over the Inca ruins, and crossing Lake Titicaca. The snow caps about this city, some of which are over 22,000 feet elevation, are very beautiful. Was out to the Museum to-day and also saw an interesting private collection. Will leave for Lima, Peru, last of week and here my real col- lecting will begin." XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 Notes on Cerambycidae with Descriptions of New Species (Coleop.). By A. B. CHAMPLAIN and J. X. KNTLL,* Penna. Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The following" new forms and notes have accumulated, and are presented herewith. PARAOPSIMUS New Genus. Head slightly impressed between antennae, mandibles with tooth near apex, eyes divided, antennae extending' beyond apices of elytra, scape reaching little beyond front margin of pro- thorax. Thorax widest in middle, with a lateral, acute, turned- up tubercle just back of middle, another rear base on each side, hind margin emarginate in the arc of a circle, emargination filled with thin corneous plate. Elytra wider than thorax at base, sides nearly parallel, rounding in apical third to separately rounded apices. Prosternum extremely narrow between front coxae, femora clavate, first joint of hind tarsus longer than fol- lowing joints united. Genotype Paraopsimus bidentatus new species. This genus is proposed for a species which does not fit either Opsimus Thorns, or Dicentrus Lee. It differs from Opsimus Thorns, by having two lateral spines on the thorax, and from Dicentrus Lee. by the clavate femora, length of antennal joints and antennae, the first joint not being as long as the two follow- ing joints. This genus should be placed in the Saphanini between Opsi- horns, and Dicentrus Lee. Paraopsimus bidentatus new species. Brunneous above and below, ochraceous pubescence sparse, ventral surface shining, nearly void of pubescence. Head sparsely punctate on front, vertex slightly rugose, punctures sparse; antennae reaching beyond the end of elytra in female, second joint shorter than third, third and fourth joints about equal in length, fifth longer, following joints decreasing in length. Thorax wider than long, convex constricted at apex and at base, sides widened to back of middle, strongly constricted tn * Authors names arranged alphabetically. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '26 base, tubercles as stated above, surface granulate, center slightly o a j depressed, transverse depression at base. Scutellum as wide as long, rounded posteriorly. Elytra with sides nearly parallel, rounding in apical third to separately rounded apices, surface finely granulate, two faint costae on each elytron, surface sparsely covered with very fine ochraceous pubescence, longer hairs irregularly placed. Ventral surface of thorax slightly transversely strigose, abdomen sparsely punctate. Length 12.5 mm. ; width 2.5 mm. Ty[>c a female in authors' collection, labeled Subalpine Region, A. L. Lovett, and probably from the State of Oregon. StrangaUa abdoniinalis Hald. This species was reared from the sapwoocl of a dead standing bald cypress (Taxodium dis- tich it in) collected at Cape Henry, Virginia. Lcptostylus baliainicus Fisher Adults of this recently de- scribed West Indian species were collected at Paradise Key, Florida, April 4 and April 10. (Determinations through the kindness of Mr. W. S. Fisher. ) Ataxia brunneus new species. Resembling Ataxia hubbardi Fisher in size and form, cov- ered above and below with recumbent ochraceous pubescence, intermixed with cinerous on ventral surface, semi-erect hairs arising from the irregular punctures. Head coarsely punctured, concave between antennae tubercles, eyes coarsely granulate, antennae not extending to end of elytra in female, annulated, cinereous recumbent pubescence on all but first two joints, long hairs scattered irregularly over joints, first joint with slight trace of cicatrix at apex. Thorax wider than long, widest at base, constricted anteriorly, sides arcuate from base to apex, an acute tubercle in middle on each side, disk irregularly densely punctured. Scutellum tri- angular, rounded posteriorly. Elytra about two and one-half times as long as wide, wider than thorax at base, sides nearly parallel, rounded anteriorly to separately rounded apices, disk irregularly deeply punctured, punctures larger and more numer- ous toward base. Alesosternum with groove more prominent posteriorly. Abdomen irregularly lightly punctured, last ventral truncate at tip, broad concave depression at apex, legs covered with cinereous and ochraceous pubescence. Length 12.5 mm.; width 4 mm. XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 Type a female labeled northern I Hindis, in the collection of the authors. This species resembles .-Ita.ria hnbbardi Fisher very closely, but can easily be separated by the punctures of the elytra being finer and by the color of the pubescence on the dorsal surface. We are indebted to Mr. \V. S. Fisher for comparing the specimen with the type of Ata.via hnbbardi Fisher. The "Ponderable" Substance of Aphids (Homop.). P.y GLENN W. HERRICK, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The number of species of living insects is very great. A late authority says that there are 470,000 species of insects now known and it is estimated that the total number now living is probably more than two millions. To visualize the number of known species it may suffice to say that if the mere names of these insects were printed in two columns to a page with 45 names in each column they would fill ten volumes of 500 pages each and there would be 20,000 names left over. This enor- mous number of living animals must find food and find it in abundance if they are to maintain themselves on the earth. A consideration, however, of the number, only, of species of insects on the earth does not convey the full significance of the real situation concerning these tiny animals and their relation to man. A fuller realization of the role of insects on the earth will be grasped when one considers the number of individuals that may arise in any one of the existing species. Many years ago Huxley estimated that in the course of ten generations, supposing all of the individuals to survive, the progeny of a single aphid would "contain more ponderable substance than 500 millions of stout men ; that is, more than the whole population of China." It has been of considerable inter- est in the light of some detailed investigations of the biology of certain aphids, especially the common cabbage aphid (Hrci'i- corync bnissicac), to ponder a bit over this estimate of 1 luxley's. In a study of the life cycle of the cabbage aphid the insect was carried through a period of slightly more than one year (Mar. 31, 1910, to Apr. 6, 1911) and, in that time was found 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J ur y> '26 to produce thirty generations with an average of 12 2/5 days for each generation. It was also determined that each female, on the average produced 41+ young. From March 31 to August 15 there were twelve full generations and by October 2, sixteen generations had been produced. To obtain an approxi- mate idea of the total number of individuals, had all of them lived, present on October 2, it is but necessary to solve a simple arithmetical problem in geometrical progression in which the first term is 1, the ratio is 41, and the number of terms is 16, to find the sum of the series. We need not go far with this problem for it will be seen, at once, that 41 raised to the 16th power will produce a number that will reach many periods to the left. It will be worth while, however, to determine, roughly, the ponderable substance of the cabbage aphids that might be present at the end of the 12th generation by the middle of August, if all of the progeny were to survive. Here, again, we Ix41 12 1, have a simple problem expressed by the formula 411 a solution of which indicates that, at the end of twelve genera- tions if all lived, there would be 564,087,257,509,154,652 aphids present, supposing room could be found for them. What, then will be the ponderable substance of that number of aphids? In other words, how much will 564-odd quadrillion cabbage aphids weigh ? With these queries running in mind I selected four, average, viviparous, agamic females of the cabbage aphid and taking them over to my colleague in chemistry asked him to weigh them on his very accurate balance. Three of the aphids were placed in the pan of the balance and the weights were care- fully adjusted when the chemist said "drop on the other one." I did so and for the moment, I was as much interested in the cunning and deftness of the hand of man in devising and fash- ioning an instrument so sensitive and delicately accurate, as I was in the capacity of an aphid to reproduce itself. The fourth apid, at once became an elephant. The balance responded with fearful vigor and I caught my breath. The long slender pointer raced through its arc and appeared sure to swing out into space and never return; but it did return and a little delicate adjust- XXXVii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 inent showed that the four aphids weighed just 5.6 milligrams, an average of 1.4 milligrams each. A simple multiplication demonstrates then, that 5M-odd quadrillion aphids present on August fifteenth would actually weigh 789-odd quadrillion milligrams which, by reduction, gives 789,722,160,512,816 grams. If now we consider roughly that 30 grams equal an ounce avoirdupois we find the weight of the aphids to be 26,324,072,017,093 ounces and a further divi- sion by 16 gives 1,645,254,501,068 pounds which reduced to tons gives us the staggering number of 822-odd million tons of ponderable substance in the progeny of one stem-mother cab- bage aphid born on the last day of March, provided they all sur- vive and are present on the fifteenth day of the following August. In the face of the foregoing figures the estimate of Mr. Huxley pales into insignificance, for 500,000,000 stout men, if they averaged 200 pounds each, would weigh altogether but a mere bagatelle of 50,000,000 tons. Moreover, the cabbage aphid, in the temperate latitude of New York State, has a com- paratively slow reproductive capacity. If we consider the melon and cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and its reproductive capacity as determined in Texas, we shall find that the average number of young produced by a single female is 84.4, and that the number of generations in a year exceeds those of the cab- bage aphid. The melon and cotton aphid at this rate in ten generations would far outstrip the estimate of Huxley, as any- one who has a taste for the multiplication table can determine in a few minutes. The common "green-bug" or spring grain aphid (Toxoptcra grainiinini ), each viviparous, agamic female of which, produces an average of 59.8 young would also greatly exceed Huxley's estimate. Do our figures seem fanciful? We must admit they do. Do they indicate a probable situation? Certainly not one that has ever happened so far as we know. Is there a possibility of such a thing taking place? The life history of aphids, their rate of reproduction, and infested fields of wheat, melons, and cabbages that we have seen certainly indicate- tremendous pos- sibilities in the direction of tin- figures we have given. Who, then, shall eventually inhabit the earth, man or insect? I am not 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J ur y> '26 particularly pessimistic about the answer and whenever I begin to think of these matters I always recall what one of my col- leagues has said; "If you want to hear that the world is going to the bow-wows just listen to an economic entomologist talk", and, at once, I return to sanity. Notes on the Habits of Formica dakotensis specularis (Emery) (Hym. : Formicidae). BY C. E. ABBOTT, B.A., Elgin, Illinois. In May, 1925, east of the city of Madison, I discovered a few colonies of Formica dakotensis specularis. The nest which most engaged my attention was located on the side of an em- bankment, and varied in height from two to eighteen inches. It was about a foot in diameter, and contained a central core, about twelve inches deep, of loose sticks and similar materials. When the loose material was removed, the remaining portions of the nest were seen to consist of earth much perforated by tunnels. A number of the adult workers, larvae, and pupae were transferred to an artificial nest. Although the queen was not included, this fragment of the original colony prospered for nearly a month, and during this time frequent notes were taken on the behavior of the insects. They would not eat much pastry, but were quite fond of apple, the buccal pellets of which could be seen near the feed- ing place or on their dumping grounds. Flies and cockroaches placed in the nest were killed and eaten. The ants pursued the intruders, bit off their appendages, and gradually con- sumed all but the harder chitinous parts. The ants cast all such waste materials out of the nest or placed it in definite spots. When they were first moved into their new quarters, they took with them a number of sticks approximately 5 cm. long. Later they threw these into the moat that surrounded the nest. They finally put all their trash into one of the larger depressions of the nest. Sticks, solid bits of toweling, buccal pellets, and the hard parts of insects, not to mention dead members of the colony, found their wav to this kitchen midden. The bits of toweling referred to were XXXVH, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 taken from strips that supported the glass over the nest. The emmets had a way of detaching" separate threads, pulling these apart to form a downy mass, and covering their larvae with this soft material. The sense of smell is well developed in F. dakotensis spccn- laris. When a number of pupae were taken from the nest and placed with some hits of wood resembling them in size and shape, the ants did not hesitate to carry the former back to the nest. The sticks, which I had purposely handled with my fingers, were attacked and deserted. The breath was suf- ficiently offensive to the insects, to bring them out in great numbers. If the face was near the nest at such times, a sting- ing sensation and the odor of formic acid were evident. The introduction of the breath into the nest through a glass tube threw them into a state of great excitement. They rushed about with waving antennae and open jaws ; they attempted to bite the tubing; some carried away the pupae that were nearest the tube. Sticks soaked in methyl salicylate or pyri- dine were sedulously avoided. Ordinarily fond of honey, the insects refused to eat some which contained strychnine. Some tried time after time to eat it, but the presence of the drug evidently prevented them from so doing. The drug was very evident to human end- organs. F. dakotensis spccularis seemed very sensitive to shock. A slight jarring of the nest threw them into a panic. These ants carried their pupae from white, blue, or green light into complete darkness. They do not react to red. They appear to see objects at some distance. This is especially evi- dent when their behavior is compared with that of Cainf>ono- tus pennsylvanicus, which is aware of intruders in its nest chiefly by smell, and will snap savagely at their trails. / ; . dako- Icnsis spccnhiris will perceive an enemy at a distance of several centimeters. These ants fasten their jaws to an object with a steady grip. \Yhile thus engaged the}' often double thr gaster under the thorax. A small species of mite, which was not identified, was found in the nest. Some were attached to the legs of the ants, while others were wandering freely about. 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '26 Prank Cowan and His " History of Insects." By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey. It is doubtful, in these days of esoteric entomology, if many entomologists are familiar with Cowan's "Curious Facts in the History of Insects, including Spiders and Scorpions" pub- lished by J. B. Lippincott & Co., in 1865. To the erudite it may seem fanciful and jejune, but to those who desire to see insects in their historical settings, Cowan's book will prove to be interesting and diverting. It is actually a collection of statements ransacked from the writings of Greek, Roman and later authors dealing with early beliefs and superstitions about insects. Books of travel, history, poetry and suppletive works in great number yielded their entomology to Cowan's industry. Such historical setting's are not scientific facts as we understand them today, or even as they were understood in 1865, and although some of the assertions quoted may have been true, others are obviously absurd. Cowan makes it plain in the preface to his book, that he is not concerned with the natural history of insects or with the actual- ity of the facts that he presents, but that he is dealing for the most part with the averments of various writers. The arrangements of his material by orders and families of insects has a particular appeal to one with some knowledge of entomology, making it possible to locate immediately, the myths about an insect or family, and does not detract from the enjoyment of the non-entomological reader. Cowan's book appeared eleven years after Jaeger's "Life of North American Insects" and both were written apparently for the general reader. Cowan's being notably free from periphrasis and technical abracadabra and bringing together as it does, a mass of insect mythology is the more valuable of the two and fur- nishes a sort of early historical background for the study of entomology. The author was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, December XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 11, 1844. His father Edgar Cowan was United States senator from the same state, having" been elected in 1861 by the people's party and serving- until 1867. Frank Cowan studied at Mount Pleasant and Jefferson colleges but did not graduate from either. In 1862 he became secretary of the senate committee on patents, of which his father was chairman and during the vacations of congress, read law with his father, being admitted to the bar in 1865. It was during the winter of 1863-64, when having the use of the Congressional Library at Washington, he began at the age of nineteen, the compilation of his "History of Insects." Glover was the entomological expert at Washington at this time and his early writings were published in the Reports of the United States Commission on Patents. It is doubtful if Cowan re- ceived any help from Glover during the co